结构性煤体间歇性破坏行为的实验及数值模拟研究

doi:10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2019.0694

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摘要不连续结构弱面广泛分布于煤岩材料内部，导致其在单轴压缩条件下获得的应力–应变曲线在峰前阶段反复出现应力突降现象。为探究富含不连续结构弱面煤岩材料受载后产生间歇性破坏行为的内在机制，自大同塔山煤矿选取层理裂隙较密集煤块，加工标准煤样，进行单轴加载测试，并实时监测单轴加载过程中煤样声发射信号，从应力及能量演化、声发射特征、宏观破坏形态等角度分析煤样间歇性破坏行为；依据煤样结构性特征建立颗粒流数值模型，探究煤样在间歇性破坏过程中的内部破裂行为及裂隙演化规律，并将数值模型与实验室煤样破坏形态进行对比分析。研究表明：(1) 弹性变形能演化趋势与应力–应变曲线形态相似，在峰值强度时达到最大，试件破坏后完全释放；能量耗散量在应力突降时激增，试件破坏后增长至与输入总能量相等。(2) 声发射事件振铃计数及能量演化规律与应力–应变曲线具有良好对应关系，应力平稳上升时，声发射事件较少，且多为低能级事件；应力突降时，大量高能级声发射事件丛集。(3) 声发射b值及分形维数D反映微破裂尺度分布及其有序性，临近破坏前二者剧烈震荡，表明煤样内部不同尺度裂隙交替出现，由无序向有序反复调整，完全丧失承载能力前存在多次间歇性局部破坏。(4) 数值计算发现，原生裂隙尖端最先产生张拉破裂，当应力突降时，颗粒间黏结及裂隙数量激增，微破裂相互沟通形成大尺度裂纹，或裂纹向试件表面迅速扩展。不同空间位置的局部破坏造成峰前应力–应变曲线锯齿张爬升，大尺度裂纹的产生将试件切割成为独立承载的结构单元，破坏试件承载整体结构，是试件强度劣化的内在原因。

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关键词 ：岩石力学, 结构性特征, 间歇性破坏, 能量演化, 声发射, 颗粒流模拟

Abstract：Discontinuous structural weak planes are widely distributed in coal and rock，which causes that stress-strain curves under uniaxial compression show multiple stress drops. In order to explore the intrinsic mechanisms of intermittent failure of coal with discontinuous weak planes under loading，uniaxial loading tests were carried out on coal samples with dense fractures obtained from Tashan coal mine，Datong，and acoustic emission(AE) signals of coal samples were monitored in real time. The intermittent failure behaviors of coal samples were analyzed from the points of energy evolution，acoustic emission characteristics and failure morphology，and verified by a developed numerical model of particle flow code (PFC). The results show that the elastic deformation energy，showing a similar evolution trend to the stress-strain curve，reaches the maximum at the peak strength and releases completely after failure，and that the energy dissipation increases sharply when the stress drops suddenly and is equal to the total input energy after failure. There is a good correspondence between AE events and the stress-strain curve. When the stress rises steadily，there are fewer AE events，and most of them are low-level events. When the stress drops suddenly，a large number of high-level AE events cluster. Both AE b-value and fractal dimension D，reflecting the scale distribution and orderliness of micro-fractures，oscillate violently before approaching failure，which indicates that different scale cracks appear alternately in coal samples and adjust repeatedly from disorder to order，and there are many intermittent local failures before losing the bearing capacity completely. The numerical calculation shows that the tension crack first occurs at the tip of the primary cracks. When the stress drops suddenly，the number of bond between particles and cracks increase sharply，and the micro-cracks connect with each other to form large-scale cracks or propagate rapidly to the surface of the specimen. Local failure at different spatial locations causes zigzag of stress-strain curves at the pre-peak stage. Large-scale cracks cut specimens into independent bearing structures and destroy the bearing structure of the specimens，which is the internal cause of strength deterioration of the specimens.

Key words： rock mechanics structural characteristics intermittent failure energy evolution acoustic emission (AE) particle flow code (PFC)

引用本文:

卢志国1，2，3，鞠文君1，2，高富强1，2，3，张群涛1，2，伊康1，4，孙卓越1，2，原贵阳1，2，3，董双勇1，2. 结构性煤体间歇性破坏行为的实验及数值模拟研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2020, 39(5): 971-983.
LU Zhiguo1，2，3，JU Wenjun1，2，GAO Fuqiang1，2，3，ZHANG Quntao1，2，YI Kang1，4，. Experimental and numerical simulation research on intermittent failure of structural coal#br#. , 2020, 39(5): 971-983.

链接本文:

http://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2019.0694 或 http://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/Y2020/V39/I5/971

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