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2001, 20 (3): -0 doi:
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STRUCTURE FAILURE ANALYSIS BASED ON MANIFOLD METHOD

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2001, 20 (3): -281 doi:
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[PDF 311 KB] (1159)

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A numerical method is developed for simulating failure and propagation of muitiple cracks based on man2
ifold method. For st ructures with large number of joint s , the Mohr2Coulomb law is used as the criterion of failure.
The developed method permit s crack not only to propagate along original discontinuities but also penet rate through
the mass medium. For propagation of individual crack , the st ress intensity factor can be accurately computed by
the combination of the author2developed second2order manifold method with local sub2region BEM. The criterion
of crack propagation is made according to the theory of f racture mechanics. A simulation method for crack propaga2
tion f reely through meshes is developed. It is shown f rom computational examples that the reasonable result s can be
obtained by the developed method.

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NUMERICAL SIMULATION FOR A DIRECT BOX SHEAR TEST ON
GRANULAR MATERIAL AND MICROSCOPIC CONSIDERATION

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2001, 20 (3): -288 doi:
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[PDF 160 KB] (1125)

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A direct box shear test on granular material is successfully simulated by means of distinct element
method. Based on the simulation result s , a method is proposed to consider the effect of f rictional resistances be2
tween the upper shear box and the sample on the measured shear st rength when the sample is dilated during shear2
ing. The overall st rains in the sample are evaluated. The macro st ress2st rain relations on the shear plane are related
to the micro st ructural quantities of particles comprising the sample.

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THREE DIMENSIONAL MULTI2DIRECTION MAPPED INFINITE
ELEMENT AND APPLICATION TO HIGHWAY ENGINEERING

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2001, 20 (3): -293 doi:
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[PDF 193 KB] (1069)

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Based on single2direction mapped infinite element , a new type of multi2direction mapped infinite ele2
ment is presented , which extend to infinite in two or three directions. After application to nonlinear analysis on
pavement , it is found that these element s not only can be coupled to 32D isoparamteric finite element s , but also
have many advantages , such as high precision with less nodes and without changing element shape , convenience to
automatic mesh discretization and so on.

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NUMERICAL MANIFOLD METHOD CONSIDERINGLATERAL EFFECT
AND ITS APPLICATION TO ENGINEERING

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2001, 20 (3): -297 doi:
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[PDF 194 KB] (902)

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An improved plane model is int roduced into two dimensional numerical manifold method to develop a
new numerical method in order to solve the spatial problem by using the improved plane model. The result s of an
example show the validity of the method for simulating the deformation of an opening.

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THEORETICAL AND NUMERICAL SIMULATION STUDY OF
UNDERGROUND GAS2STORAGE CAVERNS WITH WATER CURTAIN

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2001, 20 (3): -301 doi:
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[PDF 232 KB] (1417)

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In light of the first underground gas2storage engineering in China , the principles of underground gas2
storage caverns with water curtain are presented. Analysis and discussion of the water curtain f rom theory are car2
ried out by finite element method. Numerical simulation result s give a good proof that using water curtain to stor2
age L PG (Liquefied Pet roleum Gas) in underground is safe. It will provide quite valuable reference for the design
and const ruction of gas2storage cavern in China.

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IDENTIFYING STABILITY OF UNDERGROUND
OPENINGS BASED ON DATA MINING

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2001, 20 (3): -306 doi:
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[PDF 179 KB] (1218)

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Identification of stability for underground opening is a complex mechanical problem with insufficient
knowledge. The data mining method is used initially to learn knowledge f rom engineering cases. A new data min2
ing method considering negative att ributes is proposed. The 95 data records of engineering cases are selected for
discovering knowledge to identify the stability of underground openings. The expert system with the discovered
rules gives reasonable identification of the stability of five underground opening cases.

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CATASTROPHE THEORY ANALYSIS OF MINING FAULT
ROCKBURST UNDER NONUNIFORM SURROUNDING PRESSURE

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2001, 20 (3): -310 doi:
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[PDF 195 KB] (1168)

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According to the Mises increment theory , the analysis with catast rophe theory on the mining fault rock2
burst under uniform surrounding pressure is extended to the one under non2uniform surrounding pressure. The ex2
pressions of fault off set and release value of elastic energy under non2uniform surrounding pressure are obtained.
Besides , the effect s of load and displacement are analyzed also for the surrounding rock around the fault rockburst .

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STUDY OF DYNAMIC UNIAXIAL COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH
OF ROCK MATERIAL USING SLIDING CRACK MODEL

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2001, 20 (3): -315 doi:
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[PDF 221 KB] (1100)

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The study of dynamic uniaxial compressive st rength of granite at st rain rate f rom 10 - 4 to 100 s - 1 is con2
ducted using sliding crack model. It is shown that the theoretical st rengths increase with increasing st rain rate and
agree well with the experimental result s. It is suggested that crack growth velocity and the rate dependence of f rac2
ture toughness of rock material result in the st rength increment with increasing st rain rate.

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EXPERIMENT ON DYNAMIC DAMAGE PROPERTY OF ROCK AND NEW
DAMAGE MODEL FOR ROCK FRAGMENTATION BY BLASTING

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2001, 20 (3): -320 doi:
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[PDF 187 KB] (1178)

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The new parameters for describing damage and it s evolution in rock are explored to const ruct damage
model of rock f ragmentation by blasting. The shock2induced damage experiment s are carried out and the ult rasonic
signals in the damaged rocks are measured. The result s show that the shock2induced damage of rock is related to
the attenuation coefficient of sonic wave. Considering the relationship of the attenuation of wave and damage ener2
gy dissipation , a new rock damage model is developed for rock blasting. Comparing the experiment data of light2
gas gun with the simulating result s by the new models , it is verified that the new model can better reveal the dy2
namic course of rock f ragmentation by blasting.

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RESEARCH ON DAMAGE BY BLASTING STRIPPING
FOR THE CONCRETE COVER OF OVERFALL2DAM

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2001, 20 (3): -324 doi:
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[PDF 96 KB] (784)

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The main result s of blasting experiment on concrete cover layer of overfall2dam in the reservoir are int ro2
duced. On the basis of experiment data and st ress wave theory , the computation formula of damage depth is de2
duced. It is concluded that the blasting st ripping way is completely capable to satisfy the demand of design and con2
st ruction under the condition of adding soft cushion.

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DISCUSSION ON DYNAMIC MECHANICAL BEHAVIORS
OF CEMENT MORTAR UNDER QUASI2ONE AND
ONE DIMENSIONAL STRAIN STATES

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2001, 20 (3): -327 doi:
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[PDF 260 KB] (1016)

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The dynamic mechanical behaviors of cement mortar under quasi2one and one2dimensional st rain states
are studied by using an improved passive confining SHPB method and one stage gas gun respectively. The f riction2
corrected dynamic elastic constant s and the yield st rength are calculated. And the shock adiabatics at intense dy2
namic loading by taking into account the internal damage is obtained. Furthermore the st ress2st rain curves of ce2
ment mortar under three different st ress states and the initial behavior of hydrodynamic curve are compared and an2
alyzed. It is shown that the result s obtained f rom the test s with confined pressure are quite different f rom the re2
sult s obtained f rom the gas gun test s , so that a quasi2one dimensional st rain test with confined pressure should not
be approximately dealt with as an one dimensional st rain test .

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EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON
POROELASTICITY OF SANDSTONES

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2001, 20 (3): -332 doi:
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[PDF 329 KB] (2121)

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A set of comprehensive rock test s , including unjacketed hydrostatic compression test of rock , measure2
ment of elastic wave velocities under confining pressure and pore pressure , and the decane modulus determination ,
are performed. The effective modulus of composite medium can be calculated by effective medium theory , such as
RVH , Hashin2Sht rikman bounds , and self2consistent approximation. The static Biot coefficient is larger than the
dynamic one. They are all related to porosity and decrease with the confining pressure. A Biot′s coefficient model
is built .

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ANISOTROPIC STUDY OF UNLOADED ROCK MASS

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2001, 20 (3): -338 doi:
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[PDF 108 KB] (1413)

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Based on the result s of unloading test of rock mass under t ri2axial st ress state , the mechanical properties
of unloaded rock mass is studied. The relationship between st ress and st rain , tensile st rength and deformation
modulus are analyzed. Some conclusions are obtained.

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STRATUM LOSS DURING PIPE JACKINGOF RECTANGLE TUNNEL

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2001, 20 (3): -342 doi:
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[PDF 204 KB] (1338)

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The settlement s of surface and each layers over a double2line pipe jacking rectangle tunnel in Pudong
New Dist rict in Shanghai are studied. By means of t racking surveying , the dist ribution of surface settlement dish is
obtained. The grouting volume is calculated and the loss rate of the st ratum is analyzed.

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PIPE TO REPRESENT HOLE ———NUMERICAL METHOD FOR
SIMULATING SINGLE DRAINAGE HOLE IN ROCK2MASSES

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2001, 20 (3): -346 doi:
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[PDF 112 KB] (1124)

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According to the theory of seepage flow , a new method for simulating the action of the drainage holes in
rock2masses is given , which is called as‘pipe to represent hole’. The drainage hole is simulated by conductive pipe
as a type of the component s with st rong permeability in permeable medium. The equivalent permeability coefficient
of the drainage hole is determined on the basis of the equivalence principle for water head and flow quantity , and it
can show the relationship among the drainage property , hole space , and permeability of rock2masses. This method
can simulate the drainage effect of holes in different conditions , which will provide a practical method for optimal
design of the drainage system in rock2masses.

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SAFETY VALUATION ON CONSTRUCTION OF SHIELD
ACROSS THE WATERY FAULT UNDER NANJING XUANWU LAKE

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2001, 20 (3): -350 doi:
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[PDF 220 KB] (864)

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The problem about the const ruction of shield menaced by confined water in prefound base rift across soft
st rata under the lake has not been reported. The extent of the floor st rata disturbed by shield const ructing under
Nanjing Xuanwu Lake is calculated. The shield with balance of earth and water is fixed to make it safe to const ruct
tunnel. An analysis is made on the geological mechanism , and the corresponding comprehensive criterion is found
to forcast water irruption in floor with the laws of Ritz and principle of virtual work.

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RATIONAL DETERMINATION OF SUBLEVEL HEIGHT
OF TOP COAL IN STEEP SEAM

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2001, 20 (3): -355 doi:
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[PDF 196 KB] (880)

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The effect of rock pressure on the crack of top coal of steep seam is analyzed by elastic2plastic theory. .
It is put forward that the top coal of low gaseous steep seam can be caved only when the top coal is in the limiting
equilibrium state of st ress under the abutment pressure. The sublevel height of top coal is calculated. However , the
change of seam thickness has to be thought over when the sublevel height of top coal is determined. Therefore the
seam thickness is considered as a random variable , and the reasonable sublevel height of top coal is determined by
the reliability.

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Numerical Method for Seepage in Blocky Rock Mass

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2001, 20 (3): -359 doi:
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[PDF 198 KB] (1390)

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A new finite element method for the seepage in faults or joints of blocky rock mass is presented to match the sta2
bility calculation by the block theory. The variational formulation of the finite element method in the continuum medium is
modified , and the new method is established. The method is applied to calculate the seepage in rock foundation under an arch
dam , and reasonable results are obtained. Because of the same mesh being used , the calculated results of seepage can be di2
rectly used to calculate the seepage load for stability calculation without any data transfer.

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TESTING STUDY OF SIMILAR MATERIAL FOR LAYER2DIVIDED
TOP COAL CAVING IN SPECIALLY THICK COAL SEAM

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2001, 20 (3): -365 doi:
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[PDF 226 KB] (1079)

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With the help of the research methods of similarity model test s , the problems about top coal caving of
specially thick coal seam of coal No. 5 of Baicaoyu well field in Huating mine administ ration is discussed. Three
similar material model test s show that the top coal caving mining with three layers is reasonable , but the top coal
caving mining with two layers is not reasonable. The coal2recycling ratio with three layers can meet engineering re2
quirement , but the coal2recycling ratio with two layers is very low. The optimal layer2divided thickness is 12～15
m and the optimal ratio of mining to caving is 1∶3.

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GROUND PRESSURE ALLOCATION FOR COMPLEX
LINING USING STAND2UP TIME

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2001, 20 (3): -370 doi:
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[PDF 109 KB] (888)

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Based on the 95 cases ext racted f rom the database of RMR , the linear regression formula between the
index of tunnel character and it s stand2up time is built . The result s confirm that the stability of a tunnel is domi2
nated by the rock mass quality , while the effect of the width/ span of the tunnel on the stability may be negligible.
Considering the mutual statistical independence of ground pressure and stand2up time in the railway tunnelling of
China , the formulae of ratios in which primary support and permanent lining of a tunnel withstand ground pressure
are given.

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PILE PULLING TEST STUDY OF LARGE
DIAMETER PILE ANCHOR IN ROCK

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2001, 20 (3): -374 doi:
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[PDF 228 KB] (935)

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On the basis of the in2situ data of two piles anchor in No. 2 Luzhou Changjiang bridge , the vertical
pulling bearing behavior and the law of variation in skin f riction are analyzed , and some conclusions are obtained to
have guidable significance for design and const ruction of engineering.

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REVIEW ON CAVITY GROWTHLAWS AND CONTROL
IN UNDERGROUND COAL GASIFICATION

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2001, 20 (3): -379 doi:
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[PDF 98 KB] (1052)

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The influences of cavity growth in underground coal gasification on gasification process are analyzed on
the basis of int roduction of underground coal gasification. The development of space expanding laws and cont rol
methods in underground coal gasification are reviewed. The problems and ideas to be studied deeply are put for2
ward combining with the gasification characteristics of China.

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STABILITY STUDY OF VENEER COVER SOIL ON THE
SLOPE OF EXPANSIVE SOIL SUBGRADE

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2001, 20 (3): -382 doi:
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[PDF 190 KB] (1084)

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Putting veneer cover soil on the slope of expansive soil subgrade is a method to prevent the failure of ex2
pansive soil subgrade. But the interface between the veneer cover soil and the subgrade becomes a new weak2point
to whole subgrade. This leads to another stability problem of veneer cover soil it self . To analyse the stability of ve2
neer cover soil of equal2thickness , the most commonly used methods are based on the assumption that slopes are in2
finite in length. But the practical slopes of subgrade are finite in length. Through laboratory testing study , it is
found that the actual sliding surface occurs in veneer cover soil on finite slope , which is different f rom the result s
commonly used methods mentioned above. According to the actual sliding surface f rom laboratory testing study , a
new formula is developed to determine the stability factor of veneer cover soil on the slope of expansive soil sub2
grade.

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THEORETICAL STUDY OF HORIZONTALLY LOADED SINGLE PILE IN
LAYERED SOIL CONSIDERING CONSOLIDATION AND RHEOLOGY OF SOIL

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2001, 20 (3): -386 doi:
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[PDF 292 KB] (807)

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By using integral equation and‘propagator mat rix and rigid mat rix’methods , the horizontally loaded
single pile in layered saturated soil is solved considering consolidation and rheology of layered soil. In order to solve
the proposed problem , the fundamental solutions of horizontal circular load in the interior of the layered half space
are used. The second kind of Fredholm integral equation of the single pile in layered saturated viscoelastic soil is ob2
tained through the fundamental solutions. The integral equation can be simplified by means of Laplace t ransforms
methods. By the corresponding inverse Laplace integral t ransforms method and the numerical solution of the inte2
gral equation , the displacement , shear force and moment of the pile are obtained.

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COMPUTATION AND TESTINGMETHOS FOR
THE BEARING CAPACITY OF MULTI2ELEMENT
COMPOSITE FOUNDATION

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2001, 20 (3): -391 doi:
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[PDF 90 KB] (1353)

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When two or more techniques of ground t reatment are comprehensively applied , the multi2element com2
posite foundation may be formed. The computation and testing methods for the bearing capacity of multi2element
composite foundation are put forward.

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DETERMINATION OF SUBSOIL BEARING
CAPACITY USING GENETIC ALGORITHM

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2001, 20 (3): -394 doi:
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[PDF 218 KB] (955)

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Determination of subsoil bearing capacity is very important step in foundation engineering design. Ac2
cording to the basic idea of calculating bearing capacity with kinematics element method , a new rest rictive condi2
tion of optimizing analysis suitable for general shear failure is proposed , and the most dangerous slip surface and ul2
timate bearing capacity are determined using genetic algorithm. Because of the global optimal algorithm , the pro2
posed method overcomes the shortcoming of local minimim value by normal methods.

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STUDIES OF FORCE AND DEFORMATION PROPERTIES
CONSIDERING PILE2ANCHOR2SOIL INTERACTION IN DEEP PITS

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2001, 20 (3): -399 doi:
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[PDF 181 KB] (1557)

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The force and deformation properties of pile2anchor support st ructure in deep pit s are studied considering
pile2anchor2soil interaction. The study result s show that there are great influences of the location of soil anchor , the
stiffness of support pile , and the“m”value of the subsoil at positive area on pile2anchor support st ructure , and the
soil anchor plays key role to support deep pit s.

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ENGINEERING GEOLOGY PROBLEM OF KARST FOUNDATION
WITH TUNNEL AND TREATMENT OF THE FOUNDAION

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2001, 20 (3): -403 doi:
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[PDF 237 KB] (1456)

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Taking the karst foundation problem with 10 km long tunnel in Tianshengqiao No. 2 Hydropower Sta2
tion for an example , the geology condition , engineering geology problem and t reatment method of the karst foun2
dation are presented.

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PRELIMINARY DESIGN FOR TREATMENT OF FAULT
AND IMPROVEMENT OF GROUTING QUALLITY IN TBM TUNNEL

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2001, 20 (3): -408 doi:
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[PDF 112 KB] (1101)

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The preliminary design for t reatment of fault and improvement of grouting quality in TBM tunnel are
presented. Using some hollow segment s for support liner , the geological st ructure , such as fault , crack , or even
karst cavity could be easily dealt with. Moreover , the presented method does not hamper TBM′s work.

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NEW VIEW ON BEARING CAPACITY OF SOFT ROCK FOUNDATION

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2001, 20 (3): -412 doi:
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[PDF 175 KB] (1243)

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It is not reasonable to determine the bearing capacity of rock foundation only by checking tables or expe2
rience comparision. It is necessary to evaluate of the bearing capacity on the basis of variety of measurement s for
rock foundation. Taking the rock foundation of a high building as an example , many test s were made in site , based
on which available bearing capacity of the foundation was obtained.

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MECHANISM AND CONTROL METHOD OF COMPLEX LANDSLIDE OF STEEP
CUT SLOPE WITH BRADY2INCLINED JOINTS IN HIGH2GRADE HIGHWAY

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2001, 20 (3): -415 doi:
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[PDF 185 KB] (1066)

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The mechanism and cont rol method of complex landslide of steep cut slope with brady2inclined joint s in
high2grade highway are discussed briefly. The presented technology and method can be used for reference in similar
highway of scenic spot .

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RESEARCH ON NUMERICAL MAINFOLD METHOD OF DISCONTINUOUS
AND NONLINEAR DEFORMATION ANALYSIS FOR ROCKMASS

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2001, 20 (3): -416 doi:
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[PDF 68 KB] (1054)

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SOME NONLINEAR PROBLEMS IN GEOMECHANICS

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2001, 20 (3): -417 doi:
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[PDF 36 KB] (1216)