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2001, 20 (2): -0 doi:
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REMOTE SENSING ROCK MECHANICS AND ITS
RECENT ACHIEVEMENTS AND FUTURE DEVELOPMENT

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2001, 20 (2): -139 doi:
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[PDF 387 KB] (1057)

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Remote Sensing Rock Mechanics (RSRM) is a new interdiscipline. The experimental backgrounds and
two important ensigns of the origin of RSRM are ret rospected , and systematically the definition , concept s and ba2
sic f ramework of RSRM int roduced. The recent achievement s of RSRM are presented , including the thermal in2
f rared ( TIR) imaging of rocks uni2axially loaded , TIR imaging of holed rocks uni2axially loaded , TIR imaging of
rocks sheared , TIR imaging of solids impacted , TIR imaging of rocks drilled , TIR imaging of rocks rapid divided
and the comparison of TIR imaging and isochromatics of photoelastic material. The physical mechanism of related
radiation phenomena due to st ress action is discussed and the two chief directions of RSRM′s future development
are suggested.

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RESEARCH ON THE APPLICATION OF INFRARED REMOTE
SENSING IN THE STABILITY MONITORING AND UNSTABILITY
PREDICTION OF LARGE CONCRETE ENGINEERING

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2001, 20 (2): -147 doi:
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[PDF 112 KB] (1109)

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Under the loading condition of isothermal process , the experimental result shows that the inf rared radia2
tion energy of concrete is varied markedly with the change of pressure. This change is caused completely by pres2
sure , and independent of temperature with no intermediate physical process of heat generating. This physical phe2
nomenon has not been presented before. The new principle , method and technology for the st ress measurement in
concrete engineering are put forward. The experimental basis and the physical foundation are offered for the mea2
surement of st ress and temperature abnormality with the inf rared remote sensing , and for the engineering stability
monitoring and unstability prediction , etc.

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A MESOSCOPIC MODEL OF DEFORMATION AND
FAILURE FOR BRITTLE ROCKS

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2001, 20 (2): -151 doi:
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[PDF 223 KB] (1137)

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A mesoscopic model is presented to describe the mechanisms of deformation and failure for brittle rocks.
In the loading process , the mechanical states of rocks are much related to microcracks. In the model , the macro2
scopic deformation of rocks is divided into three part s including deformation of rock media , deformation induced by
the closure and sliding of micocracks , and deformation induced by the formation of kinked cracks. The closure ,
sliding and growth of microcracks of rocks are analyzed and the calculation formulae of each part are established.
The above deformations are summed to obtain the st ress2st rain curves in the loading process. Compared with test2
ing data , it is shown that the laws of st ress2st rain relationship obtained by two different methods are similar.

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THEORETICAL ANALYSIS ON A COUPLED SEEPAGE2DAMAGE
MODEL OF FRACTURED ROCK MASS

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2001, 20 (2): -156 doi:
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Based on the self2consistent theory , the constitutive and damage evolution equation of f ractured rock
mass containing water under complicated st ress are set up. A permeable tensor considering the effect s of damage is
presented. Taking the two above2mentioned aspect s into consideration , a coupled seepage2damage model of f rac2
tured rock mass is established.

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RELIABILITY ANALYSIS ON PERFORMANCE
FUNCTION WITH COMPLEXITY AND HIGH ORDER
NONLINEARITY IN GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING

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2001, 20 (2): -160 doi:
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[PDF 254 KB] (1250)

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Using the improved JC method in association with an example of Hoek2Brown criterion , the variables
replacing technique , the compound function method as well as the rational polynomial technique are adopted in the
calculation of reliability index to consider the high order nonlinearity and the complexity of the performance func2
tion in geotechnical engineering. Moreover , Monte2Carlo method is employed as comparison. The result s show
that the method of adopting the rational polynomial technique is better than the other techniques because it is easier
in calculation and more convenient in developing computer program.

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BOUNDING2SURFACE HYPOPLASTICITY MODEL FOR
ROCKFILL MATERIALS AND ITS VERIFICATION

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2001, 20 (2): -164 doi:
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[PDF 456 KB] (1137)

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Based on typical large2scale t riaxial testing data for rockfills performed by Prof . Gao Lianshi , a concise
procedure is presented for determining or/ and calibrating the model parameters of bounding surface hypoplasticity
constitutive law. Through a comparison between numerical simulations and test result s for various static loading
conditions , the validity of the constitutive model and it s capability to reproduce complex behavior such as dilatancy
and confining2pressure dependency of rockfill materials are verified. Furthermore , some realistic predictions of
granular soils subjected to complex loading st ress paths which are most likely to occur in practical rockfill dams are
presented. These simulations are beneficial to gain a good understanding for properties of compression yielding and
st ress path dependency for rockfills under high confining pressures.

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DISTURBED ZONES AND DISPLACEMENT
BACK ANALYSIS FOR ROCK SLOPES

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2001, 20 (2): -171 doi:
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[PDF 211 KB] (1256)

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Firstly the displacement s both f rom field measurement s and f rom finite element method are analyzed to
demonst rate that the disturbed zones should be considered in the displacement back analysis of the ship lock slopes
of the Three Gorges Project and that elasticity is the feasible constitutive relation. Secondly the mechanical and
physical properties of the disturbed zones are int roduced and the methods for considering disturbed zones are dis2
cussed. Finally the elastic moduli of both the primary rockmasses and their disturbed zones are back2analyzed by an
error back2propagation neural network (BP network) and genetic algorithm based model.

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DIGITAL SIMULATION MODEL OF LANDSLIDE MOTION
PROCESS UNDER GIS SUPPORT

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2001, 20 (2): -175 doi:
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[PDF 382 KB] (1173)

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The conceps of dynamic gliding plane and instantaneous stability coefficient of landslide are established
through analyzing landslide motion process f rom static state to dynamic state. The relationship of velocity , force ,
direction of landslide motion and time is quantitatively described through analyzing the instantaneous st ress state ,
velocity variation and motion direction of landslide. At last , the digital simulation of 32dimension motion of land2
slide is accomplished under GIS support .

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REGIONAL RISK ASSESSMENT ON KARST
COLLAPSE IN TANGSHAN CITY , CHINA

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2001, 20 (2): -180 doi:
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[PDF 440 KB] (1272)

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Since the great earthquake in Tangshan City of China dated 1978 , the karst collapses keep increasing
because of the damage of rock integration. However , there are many factors to influence karst collapse , including
some of prerequisite factors , intensity factors , inducing factors , economic2loss factors and const ruction2resistance
factors. These factors compose the risk factors of karst collapse. After determination of the risk value of each fac2
tor , the risk probability per roster is computed for all factors with the method called as fish2bone model. Based on
the statistic features of risk probalility of all rosters , the risky areas are plotted in three grades : Highly Risky Area ,
Moderately Risky Area and Slightly Risky Area. Finally , some suggestions are put forward to avoid or to t reat the
risk of collapse.

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NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF STRATA FAILURE
PROCESS WITH MULTI2COAL STRATA MINED

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2001, 20 (2): -190 doi:
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[PDF 399 KB] (1135)

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The st rata failure process is simulated with multi2coal st rata mined by St rata Failure Process Analysis
System , which is developed by ourselves. The result of numerical simulation reveals that though the upper pillar
changed the st ructure of overburden st ratum , the st ratum failure is of periodic law and surface subsidence of sym2
met ry obviously with the advance of longwall face. Large2scale failure may cause large sub2weighting to affect the
longwall face , when the height of failure arrives at upper pillar. Compared with similar material model test and
theoretical analysis , the numerical simulation reflect s the dynamic progress process of mining rock. It is pointed out
that SFPA2D is a new approach to research the rock st ratum movement .

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ANALYTICAL SOLUTION OF SYSTEM METHOD ON THE MODEL OF
COMPLEX LAMINATED PLATES FOR ROCK STRATA MOVEMENT

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2001, 20 (2): -197 doi:
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[PDF 272 KB] (873)

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Starting f rom the basic equation of elastic mechanics , without any additional hypotheses of displacement
or st ress model , just int roducing state space and state equation , the model of Complex Laminated Plates for Rock
St rata Movement is made. In addition , using displacement as a basic unknown variable , the accurate analytical se2
ries solution for the problem of st rata movement caused by ext raction of horizontal seam is obtained when t rans2
versely isot ropic elastic layers are in sliding contact state. A new approach is put forward to solve the complicated
system of mining subsidence.

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THE PREDICTION AND CONTROL OF REBOUND
DEFFORMATION OF THE EXISTED TUNNELS RIGHT
UNDER EXCAVATION

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2001, 20 (2): -202 doi:
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[PDF 430 KB] (1504)

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The protection of the two existed tunnels is presented , which ase right under Shanghai square excava2
tion and are protected through two methods : ground improvement and considering time - space const ruction proce2
dure. Due to the combining use of the two methods , the normal operation of the two tunnels have been successfully
guaranteed. It is analysed in great details how the time and space affect on the rebound deformation of the existed
tunnels and how the tunnel deformation is predictde with the thory of residual st ress. At theend , the recorded de2
formations of the two tunnels are given out and the tunnel deformation is divided into three stage. In a word , this
excavation made a good example for the future similar engineering.

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PRELIMINARY DESIGN FOR PEA GRAVEL
GROUTING IN TBM TUNNELLING

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2001, 20 (2): -208 doi:
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[PDF 118 KB] (1101)

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In the light of disadvantage of the tunnelling without grouting seal ring , a design of pea gravel grouting
is presented in TBM tunnelling with soft model. Using soft model to set the grouting seal ring , the st rength , an2
tileakage and density of the pea gravel will be improved.

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ATTENUATION LAW OF STRESS WAVE
IN THE BUKIT TIMAH GRANITE

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2001, 20 (2): -212 doi:
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The impact compressional test s of Bukit Timah granite of Singapore were conducted using a light gas
gun. The plane st ress waves were observed in the sample and polynomial equation representing propagation and at2
tenuation law under the state of one2dimensional st rain in the granite is obtained by regression of the experimental
data. The attenuation rateηof st ress peak is discussed and the attenuation indexesαwithin different st ress range
are given.

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DYNAMIC RESPONSE OF MARBLE AND
SANDSTONE UNDER ROTATIONAL STRESS

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2001, 20 (2): -216 doi:
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[PDF 197 KB] (1173)

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After the phase difference between st ress and st rain was obtained , it is observed that oil2saturated rock
has more attenuation than water2saturated one , while the attenuation of dry rock is very small. The dependence of
attenuation on f requency is very st rong , and sandstone is of obvious anisot ropy. The variation t rend of attenuation ,
modulus and Poisson ratio with increasing amplitude of sinusoidal st ress is also of obvious anisot ropy.

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SEISMIC RESPONSE OF LAMINATED STRATA
CONSIDERING NONLINEARITY OF SOIL

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2001, 20 (2): -220 doi:
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[PDF 178 KB] (920)

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The wave2method and vibration2method for analysing seismic response of laminated st rata is compared.
As a sample , the site of major pylon of Wuhu bridge over Yangtze River is analyzed by both methods considering
non2linearity of soil. Moreover , a practicable method is put forward based on these investigations.

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A NEW WAY OF DETERMININGMECHANICAL PARAMETERS
OF ENGINEERING ROCK MASSES

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2001, 20 (2): -225 doi:
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[PDF 233 KB] (1805)

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A continuity model of engineering rock masses is built and the schematization method of engineering
rock continuity reported. This method applies to the judgement of every kind of mechanics medium. On the basis
of the method , a new way of determining the mechanical parameters of engineering rock masses is further present2
ed. Numerical simulation is used here , combining the experimental parameters of intact rock with the st ructural
properties of field rock. The experimental result s of orthogonal2jointed rock are given , and one bright future of ap2
plication of this method to the engineering practice is demonst rated.

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THE MECHANICAL PARAMETERS OF SURROUNDING ROCKS
CONSIDERED IN TBM CUTTER DESIGN

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2001, 20 (2): -230 doi:
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[PDF 230 KB] (1197)

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The mechanical property of surrounding rocks is the important factor which must be considered in TBM
cutter design. At the same time , the factor has a close relation to the overall design of TBM and the feasibility of
excavating tunnels with TBM. It is not perfect to select the parameter system whose key parameter is unconfined
compressive st rength (UCS) . In the boring process , the rocks below the cutter are exerted on by vertical compres2
sive st ress and sink , and the rocks beside the cutter are compressed in the direction of face and swells. In the de2
formed rocks , the tensile or tensile2shear cracks appear. When the swelling areas between two cutters are superim2
posed , the deformed rocks are separated f rom the face. Under the cutter load , the larger the relative displacement
between two point s in the face is , the more advantageous to boring it is. The relative displacement is directly con2
t rolled by elastic modulus ( E) and poisson′s ratio (μ) . To sum up , in addition to UCS , E and μshould be taken
into account in TBM cutter design.

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APPLICATIONS OF GREY MODEL IN
LINEAR DEFORMATION MEASUREMENT OF ROCK MASS

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2001, 20 (2): -235 doi:
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[PDF 111 KB] (876)

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The linear deformation measurement is a useful way in rockmass monitoring , which can obtain the
detormations of many places along the measuring line by setting a measuring mark every meter. To use the survey
data well , and let it play more important role in engineering , the Grey Model is used to analyze the data. Combin2
ing with the features of linear deformation measurement , the model is used to describe the deformation dist ribu2
tion , monitor it s behavior in important part s , and predict the maximum deformation. With linear deformation sur2
vey data on the north slope of the permanent ship lock of the Three Gorges Project , these methods are proved to be
rational and feasible.

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TESTING STUDY ON PLANTINGMATERIAL FOR ROCK SLOPE

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2001, 20 (2): -239 doi:
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[PDF 403 KB] (1412)

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144 kinds of planting materials are put up. Based on ext ravent ricular implantation test s for lawny grass ,
the influence of compound ratio on lawny grass growth is studied. Also , influence of compound ratio on fundamen2
tal st rength parameters of planting material is discussed. In addition , 4 kinds of planting materials are put forward
to fit for high steep rock eco 2slope2engineering.

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THE INTERACTION BETWEEN POINT SINK AND SINGLE PILE

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2001, 20 (2): -243 doi:
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[PDF 295 KB] (828)

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In terms of Biot consolidation theory and by using integral t ransforms methods , the fundamental solu2
tions of circular load or point sink in the interior of the half space are established. The second kind of Fredholm in2
tegral equation of the single pile interacted with the point sink is obtained through the fundamental solutions. The
integral equation can be simplified by means of Laplace t ransforms methods. By the corresponding inverse integral
t ransforms and the numerical solution of the integral equation , the displacement , axial force and the shear st ress of
the pile are obtained.

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ON THE PRINCIPLE AND METHOD OF DESIGN2OPTIMIZATION
FOR DEEP EXCAVATION ENGINEERING

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2001, 20 (2): -248 doi:
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[PDF 170 KB] (1821)

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The principle of design2optimization of deep excavation engineering is expounded. The idea of problem2
facing of deep excavation engineering is put forward and the main methods and ways of design2optimization are pro2
posed.

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A NEW METHOD OF DEFORMATION MONITORING FOR
SUPPORT STRUCTURE OF DEEP EXCAVATION

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2001, 20 (2): -252 doi:
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[PDF 195 KB] (1311)

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A new method is presented for monitoring the support st ructure of deep excavation by using digital
close2range photogrammet ry. It only uses an amateur camera (non2met ric camera) with no need for fixed exposure
stations and survey cont rol point s. The method is not rest ricted by site conditions. The mean square error of 32D
monitoring deformation is about ±3 mm ,which can supply reliable information for the safety of foundation con2
st ruction and adjacent buildings.

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A STUDY ON VERTICAL LOAD BEARING PERFORMANCES
OF PREFAB PILES

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2001, 20 (2): -256 doi:
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[PDF 184 KB] (787)

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A new method is presented to analyze the vertical load bearing performances of prefab piles with opti2
mization and back analysis techniques. In combination with optimization theory , back analysis method and a new
improved elastic theory method , a program is developed not only to stimulate the load2settlement curve ( Q2S
curve) of static load testing , but also to analyze the soil mechanical parameters around the pile by using back analy2
sis method with optimization techniques on the basis of measured load2settlement information of static testing. This
technique has been verified in large numbers of practical engineering with satisfactory result s.

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TRACING COMPENSATION GROUTING TO CONTROL
GROUND MOVEMENT DUE TO EXCAVATION

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2001, 20 (2): -262 doi:
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[PDF 122 KB] (1208)

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The technology of t racing compensation grouting is discussed systematically and the emphasis is put on
the time and space parameters based on the cont rol principle of grouting for the ground movement due to excava2
tion. Finally , the conclusion is that the t racing compensation grouting is effective and economical on the protection
of the environment adjacent to excavation , based on a case study.

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Treatment Method for a Pile Foundation Accident
of 22 Storey Building

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2001, 20 (2): -267 doi:
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[PDF 256 KB] (2707)

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The original foundation design of a twenty2two2storey building , geological site condition of the foundation , and the
appearance of pile foundation accident are described concisely. The treatment method and treatment effectiveness on thispile
foundation accident are presented.

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THE MULTI2ELEMENT COORDINATE SYSTEM AND ITS
APPLICATION IN GEO2ENGINEERING

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2001, 20 (2): -273 doi:
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DISCUSSION ABOUT THE THERMAL STRESS
PROBLEM IN DDA METHOD

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2001, 20 (2): -277 doi:
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[PDF 173 KB] (1036)