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Abstract Deep underground energy storage refers to the storage of energy resources such as petroleum，natural gas，hydrogen，compressed air and CO2，and strategic scarce materials such as helium in deep formations. Rock salt formation is an excellent geological host body for deep underground energy storage. Using rock salt formation for energy storage is an important development direction for large-scale energy storage in China. At present，Jintan salt cavern gas storage，Jintan salt cavern compressed air energy storage power station，and Jianghan salt cavern gas storage，etc.，have been constructed. Rock salt formation in China has some unfavorable geological disadvantages for the energy storage，such as thin salt layers，high impurity content and many interlayers，which take a series of theoretical and technical challenges for large scale energy storage. To overcome these theoretical and technical challenges，the Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics CAS has carried out continuous researches for more than 20 years. Many breakthroughs were obtained，such as experimental device research and development，mechanical properties of bedded rock salt，construction technology of salt caverns，first debrining technology，and operating pressure optimization technology，etc.，which have been used for guiding the construction of several salt cavern storages in China. Large-scale storage of natural gas，compressed air，petroleum and hydrogen by deep salt caverns is one of the key development directions of deep underground energy storage in China. Deep underground energy storage involves complex situations such as multi-field multi-phase coupling and multi-scale. It is urgent to carry out researches on multi-scale migration of energy media，performance evolution of geological host body，intelligent construction of deep energy storages and smart operation of deep energy storages，so as to solve the key scientific problems restricting the technical bottlenecks of deep underground energy storage in China. Deep underground energy storage is the breakthrough of deep cross fusion of geotechnical engineering，engineering geology and energy storage，and is expected to form a new professional discipline.
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