|
|
|
| FAILURE MECHANISM OF STEEPLY INCLINED ROCK SLOPE
INDUCED BY UNDERGROUND MINING |
| LI Bin1，WANG Guozhang2，FENG Zhen1，WANG Wenpei3 |
(1. Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences，Institute of Geomechanics，Key Laboratory of Neotectonic Movement and Geohazard，Ministry of Land and Resources，Beijing 100081，China；2. Shanghai Jiao Tong University，Shanghai 200240，China；
3. China Institute of Geological Environment Monitoring，Beijing 100081，China ) |
|
|
|
|
Abstract The folded mountains in Chinese southwest limestone mountainous areas have been undergoing long-term active geologic uplift and river erosion，leading to a“boot”-shaped morphology as steep and thick limestone strata in the upper layers，while gentle shale and mudstone strata in the lower layers. Combined with the exploitation of coal and bauxite seams，this region has become a highly hazard-prone area of large-scale stratified rock collapse in China. In this paper，the steeply inclined Jiguanling rockslide in Wulong，Chongqing is taken as an example. FLAC3D is used to simulate and analyze the progressive failure process of steeply inclined rocks induced by underground mining，i.e.，“rock bending-interbedded shearing-toppling-toe breakout-overwhelming slide”. It is considered that Jiguanling rockslide is a compound failure mode of stratified rock mass with toppling and sliding. Simulation results show that：(1) under long-term gravity the steep slope creeps along the mountain ridge，gradually producing tensile cracks；meanwhile，due to the slope situated near the anticline core areas，the stress concentration results in bending deformation of the overburden strata；(2) the long-term karstification accelerates the development and widen of slope fissures；(3) the coal mining induces stress redistribution at Jiguanling mountain ridge，stratum separation is gradually shown in the overlying rock mass，cracks are formed in the underlying rock mass，and the strength of rock mass is gradually reduced；(4) after the gradual mining，the deformation of overlying rock mass increases sharply with toppling and failure，squeezing the underlying rock mass，leading to shear failure，and finally the collapse-debris flow is formed. Thus，in the southwest limestone folded mountains，the understanding of the effect of underground mining in stratified rocks is important for disaster prevention and mitigation of large limestone mountains as well as risk zoning.
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [1] 谷德振. 岩体工程地质力学基础[M]. 北京：科学出版社，1979.(GU Dezhen. Foundation of rock mass engineering geomechanics[M]. Beijing：Science Press，1979.(in Chinese))
[2] 黄润秋. 20世纪以来中国的大型滑坡及其发生机制[J].岩石力学与工程学报，2007，26(3)：433–454.(HUANG Runqiu. Large-scale landslides and their sliding mechanisms in China since the 20th century[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2007，26(3)：433–454.(in Chinese))
[3] YIN Y P. Recent catastrophic landslides and mitigation in China[J]. Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering，2011，3(1)：10–18.
[4] 殷跃平，朱继良，杨胜元. 贵州关岭大寨高速远程滑坡—碎屑流研究[J]. 工程地质学报，2010，18(4)：445–454.(YIN Yueping，ZHU Jiliang，YANG Shengyuan. Investigation of a high speed and long run-out rockslide debris-flow at Dazhai in Guanling of Guizhou province[J]. Journal of Engineering Geology，2010，18(4)：445–454. (in Chinese))
[5] 殷跃平，刘传正，陈红旗，等. 2013年1月11日云南镇雄赵家沟特大滑坡灾害研究[J]. 工程地质学报，2013，21(1)：6–15.(YIN Yueping，LIU Chuanzheng，CHEN Hongqi，et al. Investigationon catastrophic landslide of January 11，2013 at Zhaojiagou，Zhenxiong county，Yunnan province. Journal of Engineering Geology，2013，21(1) ：6–15.(in Chinese))
[6] 刘传正. 重大地质灾害防治理论与实践[M]. 北京：科学出版社，2009.(LIU Chuanzheng. Theory and its application on mega-geohazards mitigation[M]. Beijing：Science Press，2009.(in Chinese))
[7] 孙玉科，姚宝魁. 盐池河磷矿山体崩坍破坏机制的研究[J]. 水文地质工程地质，1983，(1)：1–7.(SUN Yuke，YAO Baokui. Mechainism research on the collapse of Yanchi river mining area[J]. Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology，1983，(1)：1–7.(in Chinese))
[8] 殷跃平，康宏达，张颖. 链子崖危岩体稳定性分析及锚固工程优化设计[J]. 岩土工程学报，2000，22(1)：599–603.(YIN Yueping，KANG Hongda，ZHANG Ying. Stability analysis and optimal anchoring design on Lianziya dangerous rockmass[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering，2000，22(1)：599–603.(in Chinese))
[9] 满作武. 四川巫溪中阳村滑坡发生机制分析[J]. 地质灾害与防治，1991，2(1)：70–77.(MAN Zuowu. Analys is of the mechanism of landslide taken place in Zhongyang village，Wuxi district，Sichuan province[J]. The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control，1991，2(1)：71–77.(in Chinese))
[10] 刘传正，郭 强，陈红旗.贵州省纳雍县岩脚寨危岩崩塌灾害成因初步分析[J]. 中国地质灾害与防治学报，2004，15(4)：123–144. (LIU Chuanzheng，GUO Qiang，CHEN Hongqi. Investigation of rockfall hazard at Yanjiao in Nayong of Guizhou Province[J]. The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control，2004，(4)：120–121.(in Chinese))
[11] 殷跃平. 斜倾厚层山体滑坡视向滑动机制研究—以重庆武隆鸡尾山滑坡为例[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2010，29(2)：217–226.(YIN Yueping. Mechanism of apparent dip slide of inclined bedding rockslide a case study of Jiweishan rockslide in Wulong，Chongqing，Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2010，29(2)：217–226.(in Chinese))
[12] YIN Y P，SUN P，ZHANG M，et al. Mechanism on apparent dip sliding of oblique inclined bedding rockslide at Jiweishan，Chongqing，China[J]. Landslides. 2011，8(11)：49–95.
[13] ALLEN C W. Subsidence resulting from the Athen system of mining at Negaunee，Michigan[J]. Proceedings America Institute Mining and Met. Engineering，1934，109：195–202
[14] RICE G S. Ground movement from mining in Brier Hill Mine，Norway，Michigan [J]. Proceedings America Institute Mining and Met. Engineering，1934，109，118–152
[15] 梅松华，盛 谦，李文秀. 地表及岩体移动研究进展[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2004，23(1)：4 535–4 538.(MEI Songhua，SHENG Qian，LI Wenxiu. Research advances in surface and rock-mass movement[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2004，23( 1)：4 535–4 538.(in Chinese))
[16] 范士凯. 采空区上边坡稳定问题[J]. 资源环境与工程，2006，20(增1)：617–627.(FAN Shikai. A discussion on the slope stability on the goaf[J]. Resources Environment and Engineering，2006，20(Supp.1)：617–627.(in Chinese))
[17] JONES D B，REDDISH D J，SIDDLE H J，et al. Landslide and undermining：slope stability interaction with mining. In： Proceedings of the 7th International Society of Rock Mechanics Congress，Aschen，1992
[18] MALGOT J，BALIAK F. Influence of underground coal mining on the environment in Horna Nitra deposits in Slovakia. Engineering Geology for Infrastructure Planning in Europe，Lecture Notes Earth Science 104，2004，694–700.
[19] BRADY B H G，BROWN E T. Rock Mechanics for underground mining[M]. Third edition. Kluwer Academic Publishers，New York，Boston，Dordrecht，London，Moscow，484–517.
[20] MARSCHALKO M，HOFRICHTOROVA L，LAHUTA H. Utilization of geophysical method of multielectrode resistivity measurements on a slope deformation in the mining district. 8th International Scientific Conference on Modern Management of Mine Producing，Geology and Environment Protection，2008：315–324
[21] TANG F. Research on mechanism of mountain landslide due to underground mining. Journal of Coal Science and Engineering，2009，15(4)，351–354.
[22] ALTUN A O，YILMAZ I，YILDIRIM M. A short review of the surficial impacts of underground mining[J]. Scientific Research and Essays，2010，5(21)：3 206–3 212.
[23] MARSCHALKO M，YILMAZ I，BEDNARIK M，et al. Influence of underground mining activities on the slope deformation genesis：Doubrava Vrchovec，Doubrava Ujala and Staric case studies from Czech Republic[J]. Engineering Geology，2012，147–148：37–51.
[24] 汤伏全. 采动滑坡的机制分析[J]. 西安矿业学院学报，1989，3：32–36.(TANG Fuquan. Mechanism analysis of landslide by mining. Journal of Xi'an Mining Institute，1989，3：32–36.(in Chinese))
[25] 胡广韬，林叔中. 缓倾山体采空侧动成灾的复合机制[J]. 中国地质灾害与防治学报，1994，5(增1)：1–10.(HU Guangtao，LIN Shuzhong，compound mechanism of lateral activities disaster of mountain body about the slope comform to low dip structure associated with underground excavation[J]. The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control，1994，5(Supp.1)：1–10.(in Chinese))
[26] 汤伏全，梁 明. 地下采矿诱发山体滑坡机制的研究[J]. 煤矿开采，1995，3：34–37.(TANG Mingquan，LIANG Ming. Research on rules of mountain landslide caused by underground mining[J]. coal mining technology，1995，15(4) ：34–37.(in Chinese))
[27] 王玉川，巨能攀，赵建军，等. 缓倾煤层采空区上覆山体变形破坏机制及稳定性研究[J]. 工程地质学报. 2013，21(1)：61–68.(WANG Yuchuang. JU Nengpan，ZHAO Jianjun，et al. Formation mechanism of landslide above the mined out area in gently inclined coal beds[J]. Journal of Engineering Geology，2013，21(1)：61–68.(in Chinese))
[28] 赵建军，肖建国，向喜琼，等. 缓倾煤层采空区滑坡形成机制数值模拟研究[J]. 煤炭学报，2014，39(3)：424–429.(ZHAO Jianjun，XIAO Jianguo，XIANG Xiqiong，et al. Failure mechanism numerical simulation of mining landslide with gentle bedding coal strata[J]. Journal of China Coal Society，2014，39(3)：424–429.(in Chinese))
[29] HOEK E. Progressive caving induced by mining an inclined orebody. Trans. Instn Min. Metall.，1974，83：A133–139.
[30] 殷跃平，康宏达，何思为，等. 乌江鸡冠岭危岩体整治爆破工程方案[J]. 中国地质灾害与防治学报，1994，5：324–331.(YIN Yueping，KANG Hongda，HE Siwei. Explosive engineering of Jiguanling dangerous rockmass prevention of the wujiang river[J]. The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control，1994，5：324–331.(in Chinese))
[31] 陈自生，张晓刚. 1994-04-30四川省武隆县鸡冠岭滑坡–崩塌–碎屑流–堵江灾害链[J]. 山地研究，1994，12(4)：225–229.(CHEN Zisheng，ZHANG Xiaogang. A hazard-chain of landslide-collapse-debris flow-river stoppage in Wulong county，Sichuan province[J]. Mountain Research，1994，12(4)：225–229.(in Chinese))
[32] 刘传正，黄学斌，黎 力. 乌江鸡冠岭崩堵江地质灾害及其防治对策[J]. 水文地质工程地质，1995，(4)：6–12.(LIU Chuanzheng，HUANG Xuebin，LI Li. Landslide dam in Wujiang river and its control counter measure in Jiguanling M t[J]. Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology，1995，22(4)：6–11.(in Chinese)) |
|
|
|
2015, Vol. 34 
