|
|
|
| Water holding capacity and water stability of lignin-modified loess |
| LIU Zhaozhao1，2，WANG Qian1，ZHONG Xiumei1，LIU Fuqiang1，2，LIANG Shouyun2，GAO Zhongnan1 |
| (1. Key Laboratory of Loess Earthquake Engineering，China Earthquake Administration and Gansu Province，Lanzhou，Gansu 730000，China；2. Department of Civil Engineering and Mechanics，Lanzhou University，Lanzhou，Gansu 730000，China) |
|
|
|
|
Abstract Loess has a loose structure and strong water sensitivity，and dry loess is easy to disintegrate and collapse when meeting water. The industrial by-product lignin is used as a modified material to effectively improve the water holding capacity and water stability of loess. Based on a series of soil-water characteristic tests and disintegration tests，the water holding capacity and water stability of lignin-modified loess were studied. Combined with the imagines obtained by scanning electron microscope tests，the microscopic mechanism of lignin improving water stability of loess was analyzed. The results show that the soil-water characteristic curves of the modified loess with a lignin content of 1%–2% are relatively smooth，and that，with increasing the matric suction，the volumetric water content loss is small and the water holding capacity is the strongest. Under different volumetric water contents，the matric suction of the modified loess increases first and then decreases with increasing the lignin content，and reaches the highest as the lignin content is equal to 1%，showing that the strength of the modified loess also increases first and then decreases. The water stability of the modified loess is not continuously enhanced with continuously increasing the lignin content，and the water stability of the modified loess with a lignin content of 1%–2% is the best. Based on these studies，the microscopic mechanism of lignin improving water holding capacity and water stability of loess，mainly represented by the effective filling of soil pores，cementing particles and hydrophobic repellence，was analyzed.
|
|
|
|
|
|
[1] 陈存礼，褚 峰，李雷雷，等. 侧限压缩条件下非饱和原状黄土的土水特征[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2011，30(3)：610–615.(CHEN Cunli，CHU Feng，LI Leilei，et al. Soil-water characteristics of unsaturated undisturbed loess under confined compression condition[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2011，30(3)：610–615.(in Chinese))
[2] 褚 峰，邵生俊，陈存礼. 干密度和竖向应力对原状非饱和黄土土水特征影响的试验研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2014，33(2)：413–420.(CHU Feng，SHAO Shengjun，CHEN Cunli. Experimental research on influences of dry density and vertical stress on soil-water characteristic curves of intact unsaturated loess[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2014，33(2)：413–420.(in Chinese))
[3] 范 珊，张晓超，裴向军，等. 不同地区原状黄土土水特征曲线试验研究及其在边坡稳定性评价中的应用[J]. 水利水电技术，2019，50(1)：154–161.(FAN Shan，ZHANG Xiaochao，PEI Xiangjun，et al. Experimental study on soil-water characteristic curve of undisturbed loess in different regions and its application to slope stability evaluation[J]. Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering，2019，50(1)：154–161.(in Chinese))
[4] 毕银强，张茂省，谷天峰，等. 非饱和黄土土水特征及其强度指标[J]. 防灾减灾工程学报，2018，38(3)：520–527.(BI Yinqiang，ZHANG Maosheng，GU Tianfeng，et al. Soil-water characteristics and strength indexes of unsaturated loess[J]. Journal of Disaster Prevent and Mitigation Engineering，2018，38(3)：520–527.(in Chinese))
[5] 袁志辉，倪万魁，刘 茹，等. 基于吸应力的非饱和黄土抗剪强度研究[J]. 合肥工业大学学报：自然科学版，2015，38(5)：648–653.(YUAN Zhihui，NI Wankui，LIU Ru，et al. Study of shear strength of unsaturated and undisturbed loess based on suction stress[J]. Journal of Hefei University of Technology：Natural Science，2015，38(5)：648–653.(in Chinese))
[6] 袁 亮，谷天峰，胡 炜，等. 不同地区黄土崩解特性的试验研究[J]. 科学技术与工程，2017，17(20)：93–100.(YUAN Liang，GU Tianfeng，HU Wei，et al. Experimental study on disintegration of loess in different regions[J]. Science Technology and Engineering，2017，17(20)：93–100.(in Chinese))
[7] 李喜安，黄润秋，彭建兵. 黄土崩解性试验研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2009，28(增1)：3 207–3 213.(LI Xi¢an，HUANG Runqiu，PENG Jianbing. Experimental research on disintegration of loess[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2009，28(Supp.1)：3 207–3 213.(in Chinese))
[8] 谷天峰，袁 亮，胡 炜，等. 黑方台黄土崩解性试验研究[J]. 水文地质工程地质，2017，44(4)：62–70.(GU Tianfeng，YUAN Liang，HU Wei，et al. Experimental research on disintegration of the Heifangtai loess[J]. Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology，2017，44(4)：62–70.(in Chinese))
[9] 穆青翼，党影杰，董 琪，等. 原状和压实黄土持水特性及湿陷性对比试验研究[J]. 岩土工程学报，2019，41(8)：1 496–1 504.(MU Qingyi，DANG Yingjie，DONG Qi，et al. Water-retention characteristics and collapsibility behaviors：comparison between intact and compacted loess[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering，2019，41(8)：1 496–1 504.(in Chinese))
[10] 梁志超，胡再强，郭 婧，等. 非饱和石灰黄土土水特征与压缩湿陷特性研究[J]. 水力发电学报，2020，39(3)：66–75.(LIANG Zhichao，HU Zaiqiang，GUO Jing，et al. Study on soil water characteristics and compressed collapsibility characteristics of unsaturated lime loess[J]. Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering，2020，39(3)：66–75.(in Chinese))
[11] 高振林，刘嘉学，韦寒波，等. 粉煤灰影响湿陷性黄土工程性质试验[J]. 北方工业大学学报，2007，(1)：91–94.(GAO Zhenlin，LIU Jiaxue，WEI Hanbo，et al. Experimental study of effect of fly ash on engineering characteristics of waterish loess[J]. Journal of North China University of Technology，2007，(1)：91–94.(in Chinese))
[12] 单志杰. EN–1离子固化剂加固黄土边坡机理研究[博士学位论文][D]. 北京：中国科学院研究生院，2010.(SHAN Zhijie. Mechanism study on the reinforcement of EN–1 ioni soil stabilizer to the loess slope[Ph. D. Thesis][D]. Beijing：Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences，2010.(in Chinese))
[13] 李 程. 高分子材料固化黄土工程性能试验研究[硕士学位论文][D]. 太原：太原理工大学，2012.(LI Cheng. Study on engineering properties loess solidified by polymer material[M. S. Thesis][D]. Taiyuan：Taiyuan University of Technology，2012.(in Chinese))
[14] 孔 冉. 纳米二氧化硅固化黄土力学性能和结构特征研究[博士学位论文][D]. 兰州：兰州大学，2019.(KONG Ran. Study on mechanical properties and structural characteristics of nano-SiO2 tabilized loess[Ph. D. Thesis][D]. Lanzhou：Lanzhou University，2019.(in Chinese))
[15] 蒋挺大. 木质素[M]. 北京：化学工业出版社，2008：1–17.(JIANG Tingda. Lignin[M]. Beijing：Chemical Industry Press，2008：1–17.(in Chinese))
[16] 王菁莪，米吉提，郑 洁. 木质素固砂剂固化黄土试验研究[J]. 人民黄河，2010，32(12)：1 330–1 331.(WANG Jinge，MI Jiti，ZHENG Jie. Experimental study on lignin sand fixing agent for solidifying loess[J]. Yellow River，2010，32(12)：1 330–1 331.(in Chinese))
[17] 贺智强，樊恒辉，王军强，等. 木质素加固黄土的工程性能试验研究[J]. 岩土力学，2017，38(3)：731–739.(HE Zhiqiang，FAN Henghui，WANG Junqiang，et al. Experimental study of engineering properties of loess reinforced by lignosulfonate[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics，2017，38(3)：731–739.(in Chinese))
[18] 中华人民共和国国家标准编写组. GB/T50123—2019土工试验方法标准[S]. 北京：中国建筑工业出版社，2019.(The National Standards Compilation Group of People¢s Republic of China. GB/T50123—2019 Specification of soil test[S]. Beijing：China Architecture and Building Press，2019.(in Chinese))
[19] 中华人民共和国国家标准编写组. GB50025—2018湿陷性黄土地区建筑标准[S]. 北京：中国建筑工业出版社，2018.(The National Standards Compilation Group of People¢s Republic of China. GB50025—2018 Building specification of collapsible loess region[S]. Beijing：China Architecture and Building Press，2018.(in Chinese))
[20] 刘钊钊. 木质素改良黄土孔隙细观特征研究[C]// 2019年全国工程地质学术年会论文集. [S. l.]：[s. n.]，2019：566–573.(LIU Zhaozhao. Pore microscopic characteristics of lignin modified loess[C]// Proceedings of the National Annual Conference On Engineering Geology in 2019. [S. l.]：[s. n.]，2019：566–573.(in Chinese))
[21] 王 谦. 饱和黄土地震液化特征与新型抗震处理方法[博士学位论文][D]. 兰州：兰州大学，2019.(WANG Qian. Seismic liquefaction behaviors of saturated loess and anti-seismic treatment methods[Ph. D. Thesis][D]. Lanzhou：Lanzhou University，2019.(in Chinese))
[22] 钟秀梅，王 谦，李 娜，等. 一种可录像、防倾倒的自动读数的崩解测试装置[P]. 中国：201821831561.6，2019–07–26.(ZHONG Xiumei，WANG Qian，LI Na，et al. Disintegration test device capable of recording and anti-falling automatic reading[P]. China：201821831561.6，2019–07–26.(in Chinese))
[23] 陈卫金，程东会，陶 伟. Van Genuchten模型参数的物理意义[J]. 水文地质工程地质，2017，44(6)：147–153.(CHEN Weijin，CHENG Donghui，TAO Wei. Physical significance of the parameters in the van Genuchten model[J]. Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology，2017，44(6)：147–153.(in Chinese))
[24] 闫亚景，文宝萍，计博勋. 基质吸力对非饱和重塑黄土抗剪强度的贡献[J]. 工程地质学报，2011，19(6)：865–874.(YAN Yajing，WEN Baoping，JI Boxun. Contribution of matric suction to shear strength of unsaturated remoulded loess soils[J]. Journal of Engineering Geology，2011，19(6)：865–874.(in Chinese))
[25] 褚 峰，邵生俊，陈存礼. 干密度对非饱和黄土基质吸力的影响[J]. 地下空间与工程学报，2015，11(6)：1 431–1 436.(CHU Feng，SHAO Shengjun，CHEN Cunli. Influences of dry density and stress on suction state characteristics of undisturbed unsaturated loess[J]. Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering，2015，11(6)：1 431–1 436.(in Chinese))
[26] LIU W，WANG J，LIN G C，et al. Microscopic mechanism affecting shear strength in lignin-treated loess samples[J]. Advances in Materials Science and Engineering，2019，(3)：1–12.
[27] ZHANG T，CAI G J，LIU S Y，et al. Engineering properties and microstructural characteristics of foundation silt stabilized by lignin-based industrial by-product[J]. KSCE journal of civil engineering，2016，20(7)：2 725–2 736.
[28] LIU C，TANG C，SHI B，et al. Automatic quantification of crack patterns by image processing[J]. Computers and Geosciences，2013，57：77–80. |
|
|
|
2020, Vol. 39 
