|
|
|
| Laboratory model test study on formation mechanisms of artificial frozen walls in permeable strata with high seepage velocity |
| RONG Chuanxin1，WANG Bin1，2，3，CHENG Hua1，2，DONG Yanbin1，YANG Fan1 |
| (1. School of Civil Engineering and Architecture，Anhui University of Science and Technology，Huainan，Anhui 232001，China；2. Safety Science and Engineering Postdoctoral Research Station，Anhui University of Science and Technology，Huainan，Anhui 232001，China；3. Postdoctoral Research Station，China Coal Mine Construction Group Co.，Ltd.，Hefei，Anhui 230091，China) |
|
|
|
Abstract In order to solve a series of engineering problems encountered in the artificial freezing process in permeable strata with high seepage velocity，laboratory model test for studying the development law of the artificial freezing temperature field under different flow velocity conditions was performed based on a self-built large-scale water-heat coupled physical model test system. The test results show that，when the seepage velocity is equal to 0 and 3 m/d，the earliest closure position of the frozen wall locates at the intermediate point between two neighbor freezing pipes and the closure time is 740 and 840 min respectively. When the seepage velocity is equal to 6 and 9 m/d，the earliest closure position of the frozen wall moves from the intermediate point to the downstream by 50 mm，and the closure time increases to 1 770 and 4 250 min respectively. By fitting the test data，a prediction formula of the closure time of the frozen wall under the seepage field was obtained，and the limiting velocity for the closure of the frozen wall was predicted to be 12.73 m/d. The seepage field causes uneven development of the thickness of the frozen wall. Specifically，when the seepage velocity is equal to 3，6 and 9 m/d，the ratio of the downstream expansion radius to the upstream expansion radius of the frozen wall is 1.17，1.21 and 1.81，respectively. It is also found from analyzing the freezing process that，when the distance between adjacent freezing fronts is reduced to a critical value Lc，the “group-pipe-effect” will occur，which will accelerate the expansion speed of the freezing front and shorten the closure time of the frozen wall. Since the convective heat transfer effect of the water flow offsets part of the “group pipe effect”，Lc decreases as the seepage velocity increases. When the seepage velocity is less than 3 m/d，Lc is 400 mm，and when the flow velocity reaches 6 and 9 m/d，Lc is reduced to 154 and 130 mm，respectively. The results of this study can provide reference for the arrangement of artificial freezing holes in the permeable formations with large flow velocity，and also provide verification basis for the hydrothermal coupling numerical calculation model.
|
|
|
|
|
|
[1] 程 桦. 深厚冲积层冻结法凿井理论与技术[M]. 北京：科学技术出版社，2016：1–23.(CHENG Hua. Freezing method and technology of deep alluvium[M]. Beijing：Science and Technology of China Press，2016：1–23.(in Chinese))
[2] CAI H B，LIU Z，LI S，et al. Improved analytical prediction of ground frost heave during tunnel construction using artificial ground freezing technique[J]. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology，2019，92：103050.
[3] WANG B，RONG C X，CHENG H，et al. Research and application of the local differential freezing technology in deep alluvium[J]. Advances in Civil Engineering，2020，2020：9381468.
[4] 周晓敏，苏立凡，贺长俊，等. 北京地铁隧道水平冻结法施工[J]. 岩土工程学报，1999，21(3)：319–322.(ZHOU Xiaomin，SU Lifan，HE Changjun，et al. Horizontal ground freezing method applied to tunneling of Beijing underground railway system[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering，1999，21(3)：319–322.(in Chinese))
[5] 岳丰田，仇培云，杨国祥，等. 复杂条件下隧道联络通道冻结施工设计与实践[J]. 岩土工程学报，2006，28(5)：660–663.(YUE Fengtian，QIU Peiyun，YANG Guoxiang，et al. Design and practice of freezing method applied to connected aisle in tunnel under complex conditions[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering，2006，28(5)：660–663.(in Chinese))
[6] 李大勇，吕爱钟，张庆贺，等. 南京地铁旁通道冻结实测分析研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2004，23(2)：334–338.(LI Dayong，LV Aizhong，ZHANG Qinghe，et al. Analysis of freezing method for construction of connected aisle in Nanjing metro tunnels[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2004，23(2)：334–338.(in Chinese))
[7] 蔡海兵，程 桦，彭立敏，等. 地铁双线隧道水平冻结位移场的模型试验[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2009，28(10)：2 088–2 095. (CAI Haibing，CHENG Hua，PENG Limin，et al. Model test on displacement field of double-route metro constructed with horizontal freezing method[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2009，28(10)：2 088–2 095.(in Chinese))
[8] HU X D，REN H，CHEN J，et al. Model test study of the active freezing scheme for the combined pipe-roof and freezing method[J]. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology，2014，51：92–98.
[9] 周晓敏，王梦恕，张绪忠. 渗流作用下地层冻结壁形成的模型试验研究[J]. 煤炭学报，2005，30(2)：196–201.(ZHOU Xiaomin，WANG Mengshu，ZHANG Xuzhong. Model test research on the formation of freezing wall in seepage ground[J]. Journal of China Coal Society，2005，30(2)：196–201.(in Chinese))
[10] HUANG R C，CHANG B M，TSAIC Y S，et al. Influence of seepage flow on temperature field around an artificial frozen soil through model testing and numerical simulations[C]// Southeast Asian Geotechnical Conference. Singapore：Research Publishing，2013：973–978.
[11] PIMENTEL E，SRES A，ANAGNOSTOU G. Large-scale laboratory tests on artificial ground freezing under seepage-flow conditions[J]. Geotechnique，2012，62(3)：227–241.
[12] SUDISMAN R A，OSADA M，YAMABE T. Experimental investigation on effects of water flow to freezing sand around vertically buried freezing pipe[J]. Journal of Cold Regions Engineering，2019，33(3)：04019004.
[13] 李方政，丁 航，张绪忠. 渗流作用下富水砂层双排管冻结壁形成规律模型试验研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2019，38(2)：386–395.(LI Fangzheng，DING Hang，ZHANG Xuzhong. Model test research of formation law of double-row-pipe freezing wall in water rich sand layer under seepage[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2019，38(2)：386–395.(in Chinese))
[14] 宋 雷，王国柱，杨成立，等. 渗流裂隙岩体冻结温度场模型试验研究[J]. 采矿与安全工程学报，2019，36(6)：1 256–1 263.(SONG Lei，WANG Guozhu，YANG Chengli，et al. Model test study on freezing temperature field of seepage fissure rock mass[J]. Journal of Mining and Safety Engineering，2019，36(6)：1 256–1 263.(in Chinese))
[15] 刘伟俊，张晋勋，单仁亮，等. 渗流作用下北京砂卵石地层多排管局部水平冻结体温度场试验[J]. 岩土力学，2019，40(9)：3 425–3 434. (LIU Weijun，ZHANG Jinxun，SHAN Renliang，et al. Experimental study on temperature field of the multi-row-pipe partial horizontal freezing body in Beijing sandy cobble stratum under seepage[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics，2019，40(9)：3 425–3 434.(in Chinese))
[16] 单仁亮，刘伟俊，柴高竣，等．渗流作用下局部水平冻结体扩展规律试验研究[J]. 煤炭学报，2019，44(增2)：526–534.(SHAN Renliang，LIU Weijun，CHAI Gaojun，et al. Experimental study on the expansion law of local horizontal frozen body under seepage[J]. Journal of China Coal Society，2019，44(Supp. 2)：526–534.(in Chinese))
[17] WANG B，RONG C X，CHENG H，et al. Temporal and spatial evolution of temperature field of single freezing pipe in large velocity infiltration configuration[J]. Cold Regions Science and Technology，2020，175：1–14.
[18] 张晋勋，亓 轶，杨 昊，等. 北京砂卵石地层盆形冻结的温度场扩展规律研究[J]. 岩土力学，2020，41(8)：2 796–2 804.(ZHANG Jinxun，QI Yi，YANG Hao，et al. Temperature field expansion of basin-shaped freezing technology in sandy pebble stratum of Beijing[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics，2020，41(8)：2 796–2 804.(in Chinese))
[19] 张 松，岳祖润，孙铁成，等. 突发定渗流作用下冻土温度场演化规律及判别方法[J]. 煤炭学报，2020，45(12)：4 017–4 027. (ZHANG Song，YUE Zurun，SUN Tiecheng，et al. Evolution of ground freezing temperature field under sudden seepage with stable flow rate and discriminate method of seepage[J]. Journal of China Coal Society，2020，45(12)：4 017–4 027.(in Chinese))
[20] 周 洁，李泽垚，万 鹏，等. 组合地层渗流对人工地层冻结法及周围工程环境效应的影响[J]. 岩土工程学报，2021，43(3)：471–480.(ZHOU Jie，LI Zeyao，WAN Peng，et al. Effects of seepage in clay-sand composite strata on artificial ground freezing and surrounding engineering environment[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering，2021，43(3)：471–480.(in Chinese))
[21] HARLAN R L. Analysis of coupled heat-fluid transport in partially frozen soil[J]. Water Resources Research，1973，9(5)：1 314–1 323.
[22] 徐光苗. 寒区岩体低温、冻融损伤力学特性及多场耦合研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2007，26(5)：1 078.(XU Guangmiao. Study on mechanical characteristics and multi-physical coupling problems of rock at low temperatures[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2007，26(5)：1 078.(in Chinese))
[23] VITEL M，ROUABHI A，TIJANI M，et al. Modeling heat transfer between a freeze pipe and the surrounding ground during artificial ground freezing activities[J]. Computers and Geotechnics，2015：63：99–111.
[24] VITEL M，ROUABHI A，TIJANI M，et al. Modeling heat and mass transfer during ground freezing subjected to high seepage velocities[J]. Computers and Geotechnics，2016，73：1–15.
[25] VITEL M，ROUABHI A，TIJANI M，et al. Thermo-hydraulic modeling of artificial ground freezing：Application to an underground mine in fractured sandstone[J]. Computers and Geotechnics，2016，75：80–92.
[26] MARWAN A，ZHOU M M，ABDELREHIM M Z，et al. Optimization of artificial ground freezing in tunneling in the presence of seepage flow[J]. Computers and Geotechnics，2016，75：112–125.
[27] ZHOU M M，MESCHKE G. Numerical modeling of artificial ground freezing：multiphase modeling and strength upscaling[C]// Ground Improvement and Geosynthetics. Shanghai：ASCE，2014：209–219.
[28] ZHOU M M，MESCHKE G. A multiscale homogenization model for strength predictions of fully and partially frozen soils[J]. Acta Geotechnica，2017，13：175–193.
[29] ALZOUBI M A，AURELIEN N R，SASMITO A P. Conjugate heat transfer in artificial ground freezing using enthalpy-porosity method：experiments and model validation[J]. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer，2018，126：740–752.
[30] ALZOUBI M A，MADISEH A，HASSANI F P，et al. Heat transfer analysis in artificial ground freezing under high seepage：Validation and heatlines visualization[J]. International Journal of Thermal Sciences，2019，139：232–245.
[31] HU R，LIU Q，XING Y. Case study of heat transfer during artificial ground freezing with groundwater flow[J]. Water，2018，10(10)：1 322.
[32] HUANG S B，GUO Y L，LIU Y Z，et al. Study on the influence of water flow on temperature around freeze pipes and its distribution optimization during artificial ground freezing[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering，2018，135：435–445.
[33] 黄诗冰，刘泉声，程爱平，等. 低温裂隙岩体水–热耦合模型研究及数值分析[J]. 岩土力学，2018，39(2)：735–744.(HUANG Shibing，LIU Quansheng，CHENG Aiping，et al. A coupled hydro- thermal model of fractured rock mass under low temperature and its numerical analysis[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics，2018，39(2)：735–744.(in Chinese))
[34] HUANG S B，LIU Q S，CHENG A P，et al. A fully coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical model including the determination of coupling parameters for freezing rock[J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences，2018，103：205–214.
[35] 张晋勋，亓 轶，杨 昊，等. 北京砂卵石地层渗流条件下多排管局部冻结水平板成形规律研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2020，39(增1)：3 188–3 196.(ZHANG Jinxun，QI Yi，YANG Hao，et al. Formation rules of horizontal frozen plate with multiple rows in Beijing sandy gravel stratum under seepage condition[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2020，39(Supp. 1)：3 188–3 196.(in Chinese))
[36] FRIVIK P E，COMINI G. Seepage and heat flow in soil freezing[J]. Journal of Heat Transfer，1982，104(2)：323–328. |
|
|
|
2022, Vol. 41 
