|
|
|
| Research on meso-damage and strain localization of fractured sandstone
after freeze-thaw cycles |
| TAN Hao，SONG Yongjun，GUO Xixi，MENG Fandong，HAN Dongyang，SUN Yinwei |
| (College of Architecture and Civil Engineering，Xi'an University of Science and Technology，Xi'an，Shaanxi 710054，China) |
|
|
|
|
Abstract In cold regions，cyclic freezing and thawing leads to rock damage and deterioration，which in turn affects the development of local strain and its loading failure characteristics. In order to evaluate the meso-damage，strain concentration and failure modes of intact/fractured rocks under different freeze-thaw(F-T) types，discontinuous jointed sandstones were prefabricated. Then the cyclic F-T and uniaxial compression tests of saturated intact，saturated fractured and ice-filled fractured specimens were carried out. The meso-images under different F-T cycles and stress states were obtained by CT technology，and the damage evolution characteristics were analyzed. Then，combined with the digital volume correlation method to quantify the three-dimensional strain distribution，the intrinsic relationship between the mesoscopic and macroscopic damage of frozen-thawed rocks was realized. The results show that：(1) The deterioration of intact rock and fractured rock mainly occurs in the periphery of the specimen and near the prefabricated fracture with low dip angle. With the increase of F-T cycle times，the heterogeneity coefficient and fracture ratio of saturated F-T rocks gradually increase，while the ice-filled F-T rock is relatively stable. (2) The statistical frequencies of von Mises equivalent strain( ) and normal strain( ， ， ) in rocks show lognormal distribution and normal distribution respectively. However，the local strain distribution of intact rock and fractured rock are different. The former forms a 75°shear band after loading，while the latter occurs strain concentration at the low dip prefabricated fracture and rock bridge area，and the range and standard deviation of are about twice that of . (3) F-T damage directly affects the strain concentration area of intact rock，and then guides the development of secondary fractures. But for fractured rocks，it can only be used as the inducement of wing crack development，and its failure mode is determined by the arrangement of prefabricated fractures. The conclusion of this paper can provide reference for exploring the mechanism of F-T damage and the method of failure prediction.
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [1] 彭建兵，崔 鹏，庄建琦. 川藏铁路对工程地质提出的挑战[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2020，39(12)：2 377–2 389.(PENG Jianbing，CUI Peng，ZHUANG Jianqi. Challenges to engineering geology of Sichuan—Tibet railway[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2020，39(12)：2 377–2 389.(in Chinese))
[2] WINKLER E M. Frost damage to stone and concrete：geological considerations[J]. Engineering Geology，1968，2(5)：315–323.
[3] DEPREZ M，DE KOCK T，DE SCHUTTER G，et al. A review on freeze-thaw action and weathering of rocks[J]. Earth-Science Reviews，2020，203：103143.
[4] 乔 趁，王 宇，宋正阳，等. 饱水裂隙花岗岩周期冻胀力演化特性试验研究[J]. 岩土力学，2021，42(8)：2 141–2 150.(QIAO Chen，WANG Yu，SONG Zhengyang，et al. Experimental study on the evolution characteristics of cyclic frost heaving pressure of saturated fractured granite[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics，2021，42(8)：2 141–2 150.(in Chinese))
[5] MATSUOKA N，MURTON J. Frost weathering：recent advances and future directions[J]. Permafrost and Periglacial Processes，2008，19(2)：195–210.
[6] 沈 君，刘保国，陈 景，等. 辉绿岩裂隙注浆体力学特性试验研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2020，39(增1)：2 804–2 817.(SHEN Jun，LIU Baoguo，CHEN Jing，et al. Experimental study on mechanical properties of diabase fracture-grouting mass[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2020，39(Supp.1)：2 804–2 817.(in Chinese))
[7] 刘泉声，黄诗冰，康永水，等. 裂隙岩体冻融损伤研究进展与思考[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2015，34(3)：452–471.(LIU Quansheng，HUANG Shibing，KANG Yongshui，et al. Advance and review on freezing-thawing damage of fractured rock[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2015，34(3)：452–471.(in Chinese))
[8] MCGREEVY J P，WHALLEY W B. Rock moisture content and frost weathering under natural and experimental conditions：a comparative discussion[J]. Arctic and Alpine Research，1985，17(3)：337–346.
[9] TAN H，SONG Y J，GUO X X. Analysis of porosity，permeability，and anisotropy of sandstone in freeze-thaw environments using computed tomography and fractal theory[J]. Fractals，2021，29(8)：2150239.
[10] KRAUTBLATTER M，FUNK D，GüNZEL F K. Why permafrost rocks become unstable：a rock-ice-mechanical model in time and space[J]. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms，2013，38(8)：876–887.
[11] MAMOT P，WEBER S，SCHR?DER T，et al. A temperature- and stress-controlled failure criterion for ice-filled permafrost rock joints[J]. The Cryosphere，2018，12(10)：3 333–3 353.
[12] DRAEBING D，KRAUTBLATTER M，HOFFMANN T. Thermo-cryogenic controls of fracture kinematics in permafrost rockwalls[J]. Geophysical Research Letters，2017，44(8)：3 535–3 544.
[13] 黄诗冰，刘泉声，刘艳章，等. 低温热力耦合下岩体椭圆孔(裂)隙中冻胀力与冻胀开裂特征研究[J]. 岩土工程学报，2018，40(3)：459–467.(HUANG Shibing，LIU Quansheng，LIU Yanzhang，et al. Frost heaving pressure and characteristics of frost cracking in elliptical cavity(crack) of rock mass under coupled thermal-mechanical condition at low temperature[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering，2018，40(3)：459–467.(in Chinese))
[14] DE KOCK T，BOONE M A，DE SCHRYVER T，et al. A pore-scale study of fracture dynamics in rock using X-ray micro-CT under ambient freeze-thaw cycling[J]. Environmental Science and Technology，2015，49(5)：2 867–2 874.
[15] 李兆霖，王连国，姜崇扬，等. 基于实时CT扫描的岩石真三轴条件下三维破裂演化规律[J]. 煤炭学报，2021，46(3)：937–949.(LI Zhaolin，WANG Lianguo，JIANG Chongyang，et al. Three-dimensional fracture evolution patterns of rocks under true triaxial conditions based on real-time CT scanning[J]. Journal of China Coal Society，2021，46(3)：937–949.(in Chinese))
[16] DE ARGANDONA V G R，REY A R，CELORIO C，et al. Characterization by computed X-ray tomography of the evolution of the pore structure of a dolomite rock during freeze-thaw cyclic tests[J]. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth，Part A：Solid Earth and Geodesy，1999，24(7)：633–637.
[17] 宋勇军，杨慧敏，谭 皓，等. 冻融环境下不同饱和度砂岩损伤演化特征研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2021，40(8)：1 512–1 524. (SONG Yongjun，YANG Huimin，TAN Hao，et al. Study on damage evolution characteristics of sandstone with different saturation in freeze-thaw environment[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2021，40(8)：1 512–1 524.(in Chinese))
[18] WANG Y，FENG W K，WANG H J，et al. Rock bridge fracturing characteristics in granite induced by freeze-thaw and uniaxial deformation revealed by AE monitoring and post-test CT scanning[J]. Cold Regions Science and Technology，2020，177：103115.
[19] 袁 媛，潘鹏志，赵善坤，等. 基于数字图像相关法的含填充裂隙大理岩单轴压缩破坏过程研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2018，37(2)：339–351.(YUAN Yuan，PAN Pengzhi，ZHAO Shankun，et al. The failure process of marble with filled crack under uniaxial compression based on digital image correlation[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2018，37(2)：339–351.(in Chinese))
[20] 唐晓明，王鹤鸣，苏远大，等. 用孔隙、裂隙介质弹性波理论反演岩石孔隙分布特征[J]. 地球物理学报，2021，64(8)：2 941–2 951. (TANG Xiaoming，WANG Heming，SU Yuanda，et al. Inversion for micro-pore structure distribution characteristics using cracked porous medium elastic wave theory[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics，2021，64(8)：2 941–2 951.(in Chinese))
[21] HALL S A，BORNERT M，DESRUES J，et al. Discrete and continuum analysis of localised deformation in sand using X-ray μCT and volumetric digital image correlation[J]. Géotechnique，2010，60(5)：315–322.
[22] BAY B K，SMITH T S，FYHRIE D P，et al. Digital volume correlation：three-dimensional strain mapping using X-ray tomography[J]. Experimental Mechanics，1999，39(3)：217–226.
[23] SCHLüTER S，LEUTHER F，VOGLER S，et al. X-ray microtomography analysis of soil structure deformation caused by centrifugation[J]. Solid Earth，2016，7(1)：129–140.
[24] LI C，KONG L，SHU R，et al. Dynamic three-dimensional imaging and digital volume correlation analysis to quantify shear bands in grus[J]. Mechanics of Materials，2020，151：103646.
[25] MCBECK J A，CORDONNIER B，VINCIGUERRA S，et al. Volumetric and shear strain localization in Mt. Etna basalt[J]. Geophysical Research Letters，2019，46(5)：2 425–2 433.
[26] 毛灵涛，袁则循，连秀云，等. 基于CT数字体相关法测量红砂岩单轴压缩内部三维应变场[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2015，34(1)：21–30.(MAO Lingtao，YUAN Zexun，LIAN Xiuyun，et al. Measurement of 3D strain field in red stone sample under uniaxial compression with computer tomography and digital volume correlation method[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2015，34(1)：21–30.(in Chinese))
[27] 邹 翔，潘 兵，王延珺，等. 高斯预滤波对数字体图像相关测量的影响[J]. 光学学报，2021，41(15)：140–150.(ZOU Xiang，PAN Bing，WANG Yanjun，et al. Effect of Gaussian prefiltering on digital volume correlation measurement[J]. Acta Optica Sinica，2021，41(15)：140–150.(in Chinese))
[28] SHI H L，HOSDEZ J，ROUGELOT T，et al. Influences of structural anisotropy and heterogeneity on three-dimensional strain fields and cracking patterns of a clay-rich rock[J]. Acta Geotechnica，2021，16(7)：2 175–2 187.
[29] MAO L，LIU H，LEI Y，et al. Evaluation of global and local digital volume correlation for measuring 3D deformation in rocks[J]. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering，2021，54(9)：4 949–4 964.
[30] VOLTOLINI M，RUTQVIST J，KNEAFSEY T. Coupling dynamic in situ X-ray micro-imaging and indentation：A novel approach to evaluate micromechanics applied to oil shale[J]. Fuel，2021，300：120987.
[31] 赵修成，赵晓彦，郭佳奇. 断续节理岩体声学力学特性试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报，2020，39(7)：1 408–1 419.(ZHAO Xiucheng，ZHAO Xiaoyan，GUO Jiaqi. Experimental study on acoustic and mechanical properties of intermittent jointed rock mass[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2020，39(7)：1 408–1 419. (in Chinese))
[32] HUANG D，CEN D，MA G，et al. Step-path failure of rock slopes with intermittent joints[J]. Landslides，2015，12(5)：911–926.
[33] SONG Y J，TAN H，YANG H M，et al. Fracture evolution and failure characteristics of sandstone under freeze-thaw cycling by computed tomography[J]. Engineering Geology，2021，294：106370.
[34] BAVEYE P C，LABA M，OTTEN W，et al. Observer-dependent variability of the thresholding step in the quantitative analysis of soil images and X-ray microtomography data[J]. Geoderma，2010，157(1)：51–63.
[35] WANG D，ZENG F，WEI J，et al. Quantitative analysis of fracture dynamic evolution in coal subjected to uniaxial and triaxial compression loads based on industrial CT and fractal theory[J]. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering，2021，196：108051.
[36] RUECKERT D，SONODA L I，HAYES C，et al. Nonrigid registration using free-form deformations：application to breast MR images[J]. IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging，1999，18(8)：712–721.
[37] MAO L，LIU H，WANG Y，et al. 3-D strain estimation in sandstone using improved digital volumetric speckle photography algorithm[J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences，2021，141：104736.
[38] SHI H L，HOSDEZ J，ROUGELOT T，et al. Analysis of local creep strain field and cracking process in claystone by X-ray micro-tomography and digital volume correlation[J]. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering，2021，54(4)：1 937–1 952.
[39] RENARD F，MCBECK J，CORDONNIER B，et al. Dynamic in situ three-dimensional imaging and digital volume correlation analysis to quantify strain localization and fracture coalescence in sandstone[J]. Pure and Applied Geophysics，2019，176(3)：1 083–1 115.
[40] BOBET A，EINSTEIN H H. Fracture coalescence in rock-type materials under uniaxial and biaxial compression[J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences，1998，35(7)：863–888.
[41] BENNAI F，EL HACHEM C，ABAHRI K，et al. Microscopic hydric characterization of hemp concrete by X-ray microtomography and digital volume correlation[J]. Construction and Building Materials，2018，188：983–994.
[42] ZHENG X，CORDONNIER B，MCBECK J，et al. Mixed‐mode strain localization generated by hydration reaction at crustal conditions[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research：Solid Earth，2019，124(5)：4 507–4 522.
[43] KIM T W，YUN W，KOVSCEK A R. Application of digital volume correlation to x-ray computed tomography images of shale[J]. Energy and Fuels，2020，34(11)：13 636–13 649. |
|
|
|
2022, Vol. 41 
