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| Study on difference of risk of earthquake liquefaction damages at different fortification levels |
| YUAN Jinyuan1，2，WANG Lanmin1，3，WANG Yunlong1，YUAN Xiaoming1 |
| (1. Institute of Engineering Mechanics，Key Laboratory of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration of China
Earthquake Administration，Harbin，Heilongjiang 150080，China；2. Heilongjiang University of Science and Technology，Harbin，Heilongjiang 150027，China；3. Lanzhou Institute of Seismology，China Earthquake Administration，
Lanzhou，Gansu 730000，China) |
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Abstract The fortification level is an important factor to determine the effect of liquefaction disaster prevention. However，there is still less knowledge on the difference of risk of earthquake liquefaction damages under different fortification levels，and as a result，the seismic codes of building and structure engineering，highway engineering，railway engineering，water transportation engineering in China still adopt basic seismic ground motion as the fortification index to deal with site liquefaction hazards. A simplified model is set up，and based on mature and engineering acceptable site liquefaction analysis methods，the formulas for calculating the liquefaction-induced damage risk under basic seismic ground motion(moderate earthquake)，rare seismic ground motion(rare earthquake) and extremely rare seismic ground motion(huge earthquake) are derived. The difference of liquefaction-induced damage under three fortification levels is discussed，and based on the comparative analysis of liquefaction damages caused by the 2021 Maduo M7.4 earthquake，the necessity of fortification against site liquefaction under rare earthquake is demonstrated. The results show that the liquefaction-induced damage risk varies significantly under the three different fortification levels and the liquefaction-induced damage risk increases obviously when the level of seismic ground motion increases. In terms of the engineering sites in seventh and eighth grade regions widely distributed in China，for the near liquefaction site and slight，medium liquefaction sties，under the rare and extremely rare seismic ground motions，site liquefaction index and its possibility both have a sharp rise. On the principle of the most disadvantageous，liquefaction index at least will be increased by at least one grade，most by two grades，partly by three grades，and the occurrence probability is increased by 20%–30%，reaching high and very high levels. There is a good correspondence between the seismic ground motion level of liquefaction fortification，actual seismic ground motion intensity，actual site liquefaction severity and bridge damage grade in the 2021 Maduo M7.4 earthquake，which shows the correctness of the theoretical derivation of the paper and the necessity of liquefaction fortification for the rare earthquake ground motion. In view of the consistency of seismic resilience and the goal of "not falling in a big earthquake"，the seismic ground motions of relevant engineering design in China should not only adopt the basic peak ground acceleration，but also take the rare peak ground acceleration as the fortification value of site liquefaction deformation control.
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2023, Vol. 42 
