自然灾害的基本型式及防控对策研究

doi:10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2022.0374

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Abstract To comprehensively demonstrate and scientifically prevent natural hazards，decades of studies at home and abroad are summarized，and four patterns of natural disasters are proposed and discussed systematically based on comprehensive induction and abstract analysis. Generally，main causing factors and occurring processes of disasters are considered in the classification of natural disasters such as meteorological disasters，drought and flood，earthquake，geological disasters，marine disasters，etc. With the deepening of recognition and the widening of application，the above descriptions cannot well reflect the characteristics of natural disasters，and it is necessary to consider basic patterns of natural disasters including distribution of space，intensity of destruction and their interrelation. In this paper，natural disasters are divided into isolated pattern，pattern in chain，pattern in group and pattern in wide field，which correspond to the spatial distribution of disasters in point，line，plane and volume respectively. Isolated pattern of disasters means that a natural disaster occurs at a single point，such as snow avalanche，rockfall and lightning stroke. The pattern in chain of disasters means that the natural disasters are composed of a chain action in spatial correlation，time continuity，dynamic conversion and disaster amplification，such as landslide-surging wave-dammed lake-burst flood. Pattern in group of disasters refers to the gathering distribution in group of many disaster events in a region，which is composed of several points or chains of disasters. Pattern in extensive area of disasters refers to appearance of disasters in wide space of three-dimension，which not only occurs in the points，chains and groups of disasters but also appears with many attacks from ground to aerial spaces，such as tornadoes，tsunamis or ash clouds of volcanoes. There are some combinational relationships among the four patterns of natural disasters，in which multi-points of disasters can be a chain，and points and chains can be a group of disasters. Furthermore，points，chains and groups of disasters may occur in a wide region. A class of natural disasters can transform from a pattern，and vice versa. Natural disasters can be classified by triggering factors or causes，and patterns of disasters can be determined from destructive characteristics or consequences. The causes of disasters and their patterns are inter-transformable. Based on the discussion on the causes and patterns of natural disasters，countermeasures are proposed to reduce the disaster risks and to set up more solid basis for theoretical research of disaster mitigation，action of prevention and emergency response.

Key words： natural disasters isolated pattern pattern in chain pattern in group pattern in wide field

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	LIU Chuanzheng
	WANG Jianxin

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LIU Chuanzheng,WANG Jianxin. Basic patterns of natural disasters and some countermeasures for risk mitigation [J]. , 2023, 42(2): 275-291.

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https://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/EN/10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2022.0374 OR https://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/EN/Y2023/V42/I2/275

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