|
|
|
| True-triaxial experimental study on the rockburst characteristics of rock mass with a structural plane |
| LI Yuzong1，YUAN Liang1，ZHANG Qinghe1，WANG Shengtao2，MU Chaomin1，ZHANG Xinsheng2 |
| (1. State Key Laboratory of Mining Response and Disaster Prevention and Control in Deep Coal Mine，Anhui University of Science and Technology，Huainan，Anhui 232001，China；2. China Railway No.4 Engineering Group Co.，Ltd.，Hefei，Auhui 230023，China) |
|
|
|
|
Abstract Engineering practices have demonstrated that rock masses containing structural planes exhibit wider ranges，higher frequencies and greater risks in terms of engineering safety in relation to rockbursts. Consequently，investigating the mechanism and failure characteristics of such rockbursts is of paramount importance，in order to prevent，control and treat deep-buried rockburst disasters. Based on the typical failure mode of rockbursts in tunnels for rock masses containing structural planes，laboratory true-triaxial tests were conducted on granite，limestone and sandstone specimens with structural planes. The load-displacement relationship，acoustic emission，ejection acceleration，and high-speed photography techniques were utilized to investigate the characteristics and failure mechanism of the rock masses under different joint dip angles and lithologies. The experimental results demonstrate that the failure mode of rock masses containing structural planes is significantly influenced by the dip angle(i.e.，the angle between the maximum principal stress plane and the structural plane) and the parameters(such as internal friction angle and cohesion) of the structural planes. In particular，when the dip angle of the structural plane is small，the surrounding rocks can undergo strain-type splitting failure. With increasing dip angle，the rock mass exhibits a characteristic shear-slip failure along the structural surface. When the rock mass containing structural planes undergoes strain-type splitting failure，tension cracks or fractures approximately parallel to the free surface occur on both sides of the structural plane，leading to the occurrence of violent rockbursts. The boundary of the rockburst pit is enclosed by the structural plane and the split fracture，and the maximum acceleration of the rockburst ejection can reach 13.56 g. In contrast，when the rock mass with structural planes is subjected to shear-slip failure，the failure energy of the rock mass is greatly weakened，and almost no dynamic failure phenomenon occurs. These research results present significant implications for disaster prevention，control，and mitigation strategies in deep buried underground engineering.
|
|
|
|
|
|
[1] 钱七虎. 岩爆、冲击地压的定义、机制、分类及其定量预测模型[J]. 岩土力学，2014，35(1)：1–6.(QIAN Qihu. Definition，mechanism，classification and quantitative forecast model for rockburst and pressure bump[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics，2014，35(1)：1–6.(in Chinese))
[2] 冯夏庭，陈炳瑞，张传庆，等. 岩爆孕育过程的机制、预警与动态调控[M]. 北京：科学出版社，2013：55–91.(FENG Xiating，CHEN Bingrui，ZHANG Chuanqing，et al. Mechanism，warning and dynamic control of rockburst development processes[M]. Beijing：Science Press，2013：55–91.(in Chinese))
[3] 周 辉，孟凡震，张传庆，等. 深埋硬岩隧洞岩爆的结构面作用机制分析[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2015，34(4)：720–727.(ZHOU Hui，MENG Fanzhen，ZHANG Chuanqing，et al. Effect of structural plane on rockburst in deep hard rock tunnels[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2015，34(4)：720–727.(in Chinese))
[4] FENG X. Rockburst：mechanisms，monitoring，warning，and mitigation[M]. Oxford：Butterworth-Heinemann，2018：27–45.
[5] LIU F，TANG C，MA T，et al. Characterizing rockbursts along a structural plane in a tunnel of the Hanjiang to Weihe River diversion project by microseismic monitoring[J]. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering，2019，52：1 835–1 856.
[6] 冯夏庭，肖亚勋，丰光亮，等. 岩爆孕育过程研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2019，38(4)：649–673.(FENG Xiating，XIAO Yaxun，FENG Guangliang，et al. Study on the development process of rockbursts[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2019，38(4)：649–673.(in Chinese))
[7] 吴文平，冯夏庭，张传庆，等. 深埋硬岩隧洞围岩的破坏模式分类与调控策略[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2011，30(9)：1 782–1 802.(WU Wenping，FENG Xiating，ZHANG Chuanqing，et al. Classification of failure modes and controlling measures for surrounding rock of deep tunnel in hard rock[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2011，30(9)：1 782–1 802.(in Chinese))
[8] ZHANG C，FENG X，ZHOU H，et al. Case histories of four extremely intense rockbursts in deep tunnels[J]. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering，2012，45：275–288.
[9] 周 辉，孟凡震，张传庆，等. 结构面剪切破坏特性及其在滑移型岩爆研究中的应用[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2015，34(9)：1 729–1 738.(ZHOU Hui，MENG Fanzhen，ZHANG Chuanqing，et al. Characteristics of shear failure of structural plane and slip rockburst[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2015，34(9)：1 729–1 738.(in Chinese))
[10] ZHOU H，MENG F，ZHANG C，et al. Analysis of rockburst mechanisms induced by structural planes in deep tunnels[J]. Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment，2015，74：1 435–1 451.
[11] 周 辉，孟凡震，张传庆，等. 深埋硬岩隧洞岩爆的结构面作用机制分析[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，34(4)：720–727.(ZHOU Hui，MENG Fanzhen，ZHANG Chuanqing，et al. Effect of structural plane on rockburst in deep hard rock tunnels[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2015，34(4)：720–727.(in Chinese))
[12] 杜 岩，郑孝婷，谢谟文，等. 岩爆结构面强度的弱化特征[J]. 工程科学学报，2018，40(3)：269–275.(DU Yan，ZHENG Xiaoting，XIE Mowen，et al. Strength weakening characteristic of rock burst structural planes[J]. Chinese Journal of Engineering，40(3)：269–275.(in Chinese))
[13] LIU F，TANG C，MA T，et al. Characterizing rockbursts along a structural plane in a tunnel of the Hanjiang to Weihe river diversion project by microseismic monitoring[J]. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering，2019，52：1 835–1 856.
[14] FENG G，FENG X，CHEN B，et al. Effects of structural planes on the microseismicity associated with rockburst development processes in deep tunnels of the Jinping–II Hydropower Station，China[J]. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology，2019，84：273–280.
[15] HU L，FENG X，XIAO Y，et al. Effects of structural planes on rockburst position with respect to tunnel cross-sections：a case study involving a railway tunnel in China[J]. Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment，2020，79：1 061–1 081.
[16] LIU Q，WU J，ZHANG X，et al. Microseismic monitoring to characterize structure?type rockbursts：a case study of a TBM?excavated tunnel[J]. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering，2020，53：2 995–3 013.
[17] WANG J，CHEN G，XIAO Y，et al. Effect of structural planes on rockburst distribution：Case study of a deep tunnel in Southwest China[J]. Engineering Geology，2021，292：106250.
[18] 冯 帆，赵兴东，陈绍杰，等. 结构面位置对于深部高应力采动硬岩巷道破坏的影响[J]. 中南大学学报：自然科学版，2021，52(8)：2 588–2 600.(FENG Fan，ZHAO Xingdong，CHEN Shaojie，et al. Effect of structural plane position on hard tunnel failure during excavation unloading subjected to high stresses in deep level mines[J]. Journal of Central South University：Science and Technology，2021，52(8)：2 588–2 600.(in Chinese))
[19] GUO H，CHEN L，ZHU J，et al. Application of borehole camera technology in the identification of an instantaneous strain?structural?plane slip rockburst[J]. Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment，2022，81：186.
[20] 朱金养，郭浩森，罗文俊．深埋硬岩隧洞岩爆风险与结构面倾角关系探讨[J]. 防灾减灾工程学报，2023，43(1)：60–69.(ZHU Jinyang，GUO Haosen，LUO Wenjun. Discussion on relationship between rockburst risk and structural plane inclination of deep hard rock tunnel[J]. Journal of Disaster Prevention and Mitigating Engineering，2023，43(1)：60–69.(in Chinese))
[21] WU J，ZHANG X，YU L. et al. Rockburst mechanism of rock mass with structural planes in underground chamber excavation[J]. Engineering Failure Analysis，2022，139：106501.
[22] SU G，YAN X，ZHENG Z，et al. Experimental study on the influence of a small?scale single structural plane on rockburst in deep tunnels[J]. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering，2023，56：669–701.
[23] FENG X，HAIMSON B，LI X，et al. ISRM suggested method：determining deformation and failure characteristics of rocks subjected to true triaxial compression[J]. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering，2019，52：2 011–2 020.
[24] TSE R，CRUDEN D M. Estimating joint roughness coefficients[J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences and Geomechanics Abstracts，1979，16(5)：303–307.
[25] TATONE B，GRASSELLI G. A new 2D discontinuity roughness parameter and its correlation with JRC[J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences，2010，47：1 391–1 400.
[26] LI Y，SU G，PANG J，et al. Mechanism of structural-slip rockbursts in civil tunnels：an experimental investigation[J]. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering，2021，54：2 763–2 790.
[27] 铁摩辛柯，古地尔. 弹性理论[M]. 3版. 徐芝纶，译. 北京：高等教育出版社，2013：199–200.(TIMOSHENKO S P，GOODIER J N. Theory of elasticity[M]. 3rd ed. Translated by XU Zhilun. Beijing：Higher Education Press，2013：199–200.(in Chinese)) |
|
|
|
2024, Vol. 43 
