堰塞坝溃决判断及最终溃口形态分析

doi:10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2023.0075

Abstract
Figure/Table
References (0)
Related Citation (15)

Download: PDF (6162 KB) HTML (1 KB)
Export: BibTeX | EndNote (RIS)

Abstract Judgement regarding the possibility of a dam-break is critical for deciding whether engineering measures should be taken. Fast access to final breach geometry parameters is also essential for peak-flow prediction. In this study，data from 49 landslide cases and natural dam-breaks from the year of 1654 to the present were collected. Then，the landslide dams after emergency response were regarded as “new dams” according to on-site disposal measures，and data about their upstream lake and dam characteristics were re-classified. Then，statistical and test analysis were combined to select factors that influenced dam-break possibilities and final breach shape from case characteristics，dam-break process and mechanical analysis；the rapid prediction method was summarized. Results showed that the dam-break possibility was related to upstream inflow，barrier lake volume，dam materials and the length-to-height ratio. The influence of length-to-height ratio on the dam-break possibility was only reflected on the dam composed of Class IV and V materials，and this influence was constrained by upstream inflow. The vertical dam-break degree was found to be mainly related to the material of the dam and length-to-height ratio. Based on the above factors，two quick-judgment methods met the needs of predicting dam-break possibility and vertical dam-break degree were proposed during the emergency response process. In addition，the prediction error of the vertical dam-break degree is caused by a vertically inhomogeneous dam structure，especially the binary and ternary stacked structures with “pseudo bedrock” at the bottom. They exerted a significant impact on the vertical dam-break degree. Therefore，such uneven distribution should be considered to reduce the error in prediction. Furthermore，breach width was influenced by the vertical dam-break degree；when one-half of a dam was washed away vertically，the breach width was limited to the river width. From the principles of sediment transport，empirical formulas for calculating top and bottom breach width were derived based on actual discharge storage capacities and vertical erosion depth data obtained from model tests and field cases(R2＞0.86). This research combined scientific，practical and systematic aspects of dam-break prediction；the resulting rapid assessment methods can provide effective references for field decision-makers in preparing emergency plans and preparing peak-flow predictions by assuming suitable breach parameters.

Key words： hydraulic engineering landslide cases dam break statistical analysis vertical dam-break degree breach width

	Service

	E-mail this article
	Add to my bookshelf
	Add to citation manager
	E-mail Alert
	RSS
	Articles by authors
	TAN Guangming1
	WANG Jingwen1
	ZHANG Chong2
	WANG Rui2
	SHU Caiwen1
	MA Zihao1
	ZHANG Guangyue1
	HAN Shasha3
	4

Cite this article:

TAN Guangming1,WANG Jingwen1,ZHANG Chong2, et al. Judgement and analysis of dam-break possibility and final breach shape[J]. , 2024, 43(S1): 3413-3427.

URL:

http://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/EN/10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2023.0075 OR http://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/EN/Y2024/V43/IS1/3413

[6]	PENG M，ZHANG L M. Breaching parameters of landslide dams[J]. Landslides，2012，9(1)：13-31.
[3]	CLAGUE J J，EVANS S G. Formation and failure of natural dams in the Canadian Cordillera[M]. Canada：Geological Survey of Canada，1994：8-23.
[5]	CUI P，ZHU Y Y，HAN Y S，et al. The 12 May Wenchuan earthquake-induced landslide lakes：distribution and preliminary risk evaluation[J]. Landslides，2009，6 (3)：209-223.
[15]	吴昊，单治钢，倪卫达，等. 基于逻辑回归原理的堰塞坝稳定性快速评估模型应用研究[J]. 工程地质学报，2021，29(增1)：135-143.(WU Hao，SHAN Zhigang，NI Weida，et al. Study on the application of rapid evaluation on model of landslide dam stsbility[J]. Journal of Engineering Geology，2021，29(Supp.1)：135-143.(in Chinese))
[1]	ZHOU G G D，ZHOU M J，SHRESTHA M S，et al. Experimental investigation on the longitudinal evolution of landslide dam breaching and outburst floods[J]. Geomorphology，2019，334：29-43.
[7]	石振明，马小龙，彭铭，等. 基于大型数据库的堰塞坝特征统计分析与溃决参数快速评估模型[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2014，33(9)：1 780-1 790.(SHI Zhenming，MA Xiaolong，PENG Ming，et al. Statistical analysis and efficient dam burst modelling of landslide dams based on a large-scale database[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2014，33(9)：1 780-1 790.(in Chinese))
[9]	ZHOU M J，ZHOU G，CUI K，et al. Influence of inflow discharge and bed erodibility on outburst flood of landslide dam[J]. Journal of Mountain Science，2019，16(4)：778-792.
[11]	马利平，侯精明，张大伟，等. 耦合溃口演变的二维洪水演进数值模型研究[J]. 水利学报，2019，50(10)：1 253-1 267.(MA Liping，HOU Jingming，ZHANG Dawei，et al. Study on 2D numerical simulation coupling with breach evolution in flood propagation[J]. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering，2019，50(10)：1 253-1 267.(in Chinese))
[13]	MACDONALD T C，J LANGRIDGE-MONOPOLIS J. Breaching characteristics of dam characteristics of dam failure[J]. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering，1984，110 (5)：576-586.
[17]	刘宁，杨启贵，陈祖煜. 堰塞湖风险处置[M]. 武汉：长江出版社，2016：168.(LIU Ning，YANG Qigui，CHEN Zuyu. Hazard mitigation for barrier lakes[M]. Wuhan：Changjiang Press，2016：168.(in Chinese))
[19]	范天印，汪小刚. 堰塞坝险情特征与应急处置[M]. 北京：中国水利水电出版社，2016：98.(FAN Tianyin，WANG Xiaogang. Landlide dam characteristics and emergency responses[M]. Beijing：China Water Power Press，2016：98.(in Chinese))
[21]	石振明，张公鼎，彭铭，等. 非均质结构堰塞坝溃决机制模型试验研究[J]. 工程科学与技术，2023，55(1)：129-140.(SHI Zhenming，ZHANG Gongding，PENG Ming，et al. Experimental investigation on the breaching process of landslide dams with heterogeneous structures[J]. Advanced Engineering Sciences，2023，55(1)：129-140.(in Chinese))
[2]	WANG J W，TAN G M，SHU C W，et al. Theoretical description of the hydrodynamic process after barrier lake formation and emergency responses implementation[J]. Water，2021，13(18)：2 506.
[12]	SHEN G Z，SHENG J B，XIANG Y，et al. Numerical modeling of overtopping-induced breach of landslide dams[J]. Natural Hazards Review，2020，21(2)：04020002.
[22]	王道正，陈晓清，罗志刚，等. 不同颗粒级配条件下堰塞坝溃决特征试验研究[J]. 防灾减灾工程学报，2016，36(5)：827-833.(WANG Daozheng，CHEN Xiaoqing，LUO Zhigang，et al. Experimental research on breaking of barrier lake dam under different grading conditions[J]. Journal of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Engineering，2016，36(5)：827-833.(in Chinese))
[4]	单熠博，陈生水，钟启明，等. 考虑颗粒组成的堰塞体溃口峰值流量快速预测模型[J]. 应用基础与工程科学学报，2022，31(3)：584-598.(SHAN Yibo，CHEN Shengshui，ZHONG Qiming，et al. A rapid prediction model for peak breach flow of landslide dams considering the grain composition of deposits[J]. Journal of Basic Science and Engineering，2022，31(3)：584-598.(in Chinese))
[14]	FREAD D L. DAMBRK：The NWS dam break flood forecasting model[R]. Silver Spring：National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration，National Weather Service，1984.
[10]	ZHANG L，XIAO，T，JIAN，H，et al. Erosion-based analysis of breaching of Baige landslide dams on the Jinsha River，China，in 2018[J]. Landslides，2019，16(10)：1 965-1 979.
[20]	ZHAO T L，CHEN S S，FU C J，et al. Influence of diversion channel section type on landslide dam draining effect[J]. Environmental Earthences，2018，77(2)：1-9.
[8]	ZHONG Q M，WANG L，CHEN S S，et al. Breaches of embankment and landslide dams-State of the art review[J]. Earth Science Reviews，2021，216：103597.
[18]	蔡耀军，栾约生，彭文详，等. 堰塞坝典型案例分析——成因、致灾、应急处置[M]. 武汉：长江出版社，2021：23.(CAI Yaojun，LUAN Yuesheng，PENG Wenxiang，et al. Analysis on typical cases of barrier lake：cause，disaster and emergency response[M]. Wuhan：Changjing Press，2021：23.(in Chinese))
[16]	谢任之. 溃坝水力学第二章[M]. 济南：山东科学技术出版社，1989：102-135.(XIE Renzhi. Dam-break hydraulics(Chapter 2)[M]. Jinan：Shandong Science and Technology Press，1989：102-135.(in Chinese))