Abstract Qingling tunnel with a length of 18 km is a control engineering on Xi′an-Ankang railway line. Rockburst with different intensities occurred in 43 sections during tunnel construction. The characteristics of rockburst are described. The mechanism and multiple criteria of rockburst are identified by means of deformation and destroy experiments of compound gneiss and by analysing the forming conditions of rockburst.
2002, Vol. 21 
