悬臂岩体非均布加载试验系统研制及应用

doi:10.3724/1000-6915.jrme.2025.0831

Abstract
Figure/Table
References (0)
Related Citation (15)

Download: PDF (6341 KB) HTML (1 KB)
Export: BibTeX | EndNote (RIS)

Abstract Based on the stress characteristics, geometric shape, and deformation behavior of cantilever rock masses in the goaf of longwall working faces, an independently developed non-uniform loading experimental system for cantilever rock masses has been established. This experimental system comprises a main frame, a non-uniform loading device, a variable-sized controllable pressure airbag, a uniform pressure variable angle loading system, a hydraulic power system, and a data acquisition system. It enables uniform pressure confining pressure variable angle loading, non-uniform pressure variable rate loading, and non-uniform pressure controllable constant pressure loading for large-sized cantilever rock mass samples. The system simulates the extrusion of adjacent fractured rock blocks in the goaf of longwall working faces, accounting for upper non-uniform loading and the residual bearing capacity of the lower foundation. The effects of sidewall inclination angle, confining pressure strength, non-uniform loading coefficient, and non-uniform support coefficient on the fracture characteristic parameters (peak load, peak displacement, and elastic deformation energy) of the cantilever rock mass are analyzed. Test results indicate that as the sidewall inclination angle increases, the peak load, peak displacement, and elastic deformation energy of the cantilever rock mass exhibit an asymmetric “W”, “V” and “U” type change trend. With increasing confining pressure strength, all three parameters show a pattern of slow increase followed by rapid increase. As the non-uniform loading coefficient increases, these parameters display an asymmetric “M” type change trend. Moreover, with an increase in the non-uniform support coefficient, the parameters show an asymmetric “Λ” pattern, initially increasing and then decreasing. The sensitivity of the factors affecting the elastic deformation energy accumulated prior to the fracture of the sample is ranked as follows: confining pressure strength＞non-uniform support coefficient＞sidewall inclination angle＞non-uniform loading coefficient. These test results validate the reliability of the experimental system and provide a method for studying the fracture behavior of cantilever rock masses in goaf.

Key words： rock mechanics experimental system cantilevered rock mass non-uniform loading variable angle confining pressure non-uniform support

	Service

	E-mail this article
	Add to my bookshelf
	Add to citation manager
	E-mail Alert
	RSS
	Articles by authors
	SHEN Wenlong1
	2*
	SHI Huicong1
	GUO Wenbing1
	2
	CHEN Ziqiang1
	WANG Meng1
	2
	MENG Ningkang1
	2
	XIAO Tongqiang1
	2
	BAI Jianbiao3
	LI Zhenfeng1
	2
	REN Wangsheng1

Cite this article:

SHEN Wenlong1,2*,SHI Huicong1, et al. Development and application of non-uniform loading experimental system of cantilever rock mass[J]. , 2026, 45(10): 3113-3129.

URL:

https://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/EN/10.3724/1000-6915.jrme.2025.0831 OR https://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/EN/Y2026/V45/I10/3113

[1] 王双明，孙强，乔军伟，等. 论煤炭绿色开采的地质保障[J]. 煤炭学报，2020，45(1)：8–15.(WANG Shuangming，SUN Qiang，QIAO Junwei，et al. Geological guarantee of coal green mining[J]. Journal of China Coal Society，2020，45(1)：8–15.(in Chinese))
[2] 郭文兵，杨伟强，马志宝，等. 建筑载荷作用下采空区覆岩结构稳定性判据及应用[J]. 煤炭学报，2022，47(6)：2 207–2 217.(GUO Wenbing，YANG Weiqiang，MA Zhibao，et al. Stability criterion of overburden structure above goaf under building load and its application[J]. Journal of China Coal Society，2022，47(6)：2 207–2 217.(in Chinese))
[3] 郭文兵，白二虎，赵高博. 高强度开采覆岩地表破坏及防控技术现状与进展[J]. 煤炭学报，2020，45(2)：509–523.(GUO Wenbing，BAI Erhu，ZHAO Gaobo. Current status and progress on overburden and surface damage and prevention technology of high-intensity mining[J]. Journal of China Coal Society，2020，45(2)：509–523.(in Chinese))
[4] 袁亮. 我国煤炭主体能源安全高质量发展的理论技术思考[J]. 中国科学院院刊，2023，38(1)：11–22.(YUAN Liang. Theory and technology considerations on high-quality development of coal main energy security in China[J]. Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences，2023，38(1)：11–22.(in Chinese))
[5] 孙文超，王兆会，李强，等. 深部坚硬顶板工作面冲击地压多元协同防控技术[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2024，43(7)：1 736–1 750. (SUN Wenchao，WANG Zhaohui，LI Qiang，et al. Multiple synergistic control technology of rock burst disasters in deep hard roof working faces[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2024，43(7)：1 736–1 750.(in Chinese))
[6] 张震，黄志增，徐刚，等. 多层厚硬顶板大采高综放工作面强动载矿压特征及机理[J]. 煤炭学报，2025，50(7)：3 369–3 387. (ZHANG Zhen，HUANG Zhizeng，XU Gang，et al. Characteristics and mechanism of strong dynamic load mine pressure in large mining height full-mechanized caving face with multiple thick and hard roof[J]. Journal of China Coal Society，2025，50(7)：3 369–3 387.(in Chinese))
[7] 曹胜根，姜海军，王福海，等. 采场上覆坚硬岩层破断的数值模拟研究[J]. 采矿与安全工程学报，2013，30(2)：205–210.(CAO Shenggen，JIANG Haijun，WANG Fuhai，et al. Numerical simulation of overlying hard strata rupture in a coal face[J]. Journal of Mining and Safety Engineering，2013，30(2)：205–210.(in Chinese))
[8] 张永将，季飞，赵同彬，等. 临空巷道坚硬顶板水力割缝–压裂联合控顶卸压技术[J]. 煤炭学报，2024，49(12)：4 739–4 751. (ZHANG Yongjiang，JI Fei，ZHAO Tongbin，et al. Theoretical and applied research on hydraulic slit-fracture joint roof control and pressure relief of hard roof in goaf roadway[J]. Journal of China Coal Society，2024，49(12)：4 739–4 751.(in Chinese))
[9] 郑凯歌，王林涛，李彬刚，等. 坚硬顶板强矿压动力灾害演化机理与超前区域防治技术[J]. 煤田地质与勘探，2022，50(8)：62–71.(ZHENG Kaige，WANG Lintao，LI Bingang，et al. Dynamic disaster evolution mechanism of high mine pressure at hard roof and advance area prevention and control technology[J]. Coal Geology and Exploration，2022，50(8)：62–71.(in Chinese))
[10] 唐岳松，孙文超，李增强，等. 冲击地压矿井充填开采工作面采动应力激增与跌落机制[J]. 煤炭学报，2024，49(增1)：22–35.(TANG Yuesong，SUN Wenchao，LI Zengqiang，et al. Mining induced stress surge and drop mechanisms in backfilling panel of a coal burst mine[J]. Journal of China Coal Society，2024，49(Supp.1)：22–35.(in Chinese))
[11] 张全，邹俊鹏，吴坤波，等. 深部采煤上覆关键层破断诱发矿震特征研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2023，42(5)：1 150–1 161. (ZHANG Quan，ZOU Junpeng，WU Kunbo，et al. On the characteristics of mine earthquakes induced by key strata breaking during deep mining[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2023，42(5)：1 150–1 161.(in Chinese))
[12] 张广超，尹茂胜，周广磊，等. 厚硬岩层下板结构破断应力–能量场积聚演化规律[J]. 中国矿业大学学报，2024，53(4)：647–663. (ZHANG Guangchao，YIN Maosheng，ZHOU Guanglei，et al. Evolution law of stress and energy field accumulation during the fracture of plate structure in thick and hard rock strata[J].Journal of China University of Mining and Technology，2024，53(4)：647–663.(in Chinese))
[13] 王家臣，唐岳松，王兆会，等. 千米深井综采工作面覆岩微震显现特征与损伤度计算方法[J]. 中国矿业大学学报，2023，52(3)：417–431.(WANG Jiachen，TANG Yuesong，WANG Zhaohui，et al. Characteristics of microseismic events and damage degree calculation method in kilometer deep fully mechanical longwall panel[J]. Journal of China University of Mining and Technology，2023，52(3)：417–431.(in Chinese))
[14] 赵科，张开智，王树立. 巨厚覆岩破断运动与矿震活动规律研究[J]. 煤炭科学技术，2016，44(2)：118–122.(ZHAO Ke，ZHANG Kaizhi，WANG Shuli. Study on movement law of ultra thick overlying strata broken and coal mine earthquakes[J]. Coal Science and Technology，2016，44(2)：118–122.(in Chinese))
[15] 钱鸣高，石平五，许家林. 矿山压力与岩层控制[M]. 2版. 徐州：中国矿业大学出版社，2010：69–70. (QIAN Minggao，SHI Pingwu，XU Jialin. Mine pressure and strata control[M]. 2nd ed. Xuzhou：China University of Mining & Technology Press，2010：69–70.(in Chinese))
[16] 宋振骐. 实用矿山压力控制[M]. 徐州：中国矿业大学出版社，1988：1–9.(SONG Zhenqi. Practical mine pressure control[M]. Xuzhou：China University of Mining and Technology Press，1988：1–9.(in Chinese))
[17] 张栋，郭永红，柏建彪，等. 砌体梁结构下空巷围岩动态稳定机理及控制[J]. 煤炭学报，2025，50(9)：4 227–4 293.(ZHANG Dong，GUO Yonghong，BAI Jianbiao，et al. Dynamic stability mechanism and control of the abandoned roadway surrounding rock under voussoir beam structure[J]. Journal of China Coal Society，2025，50(9)：4 227–4 293.(in Chinese))
[18] 张磊，王鹏，谷超，等. 特厚煤层综放开采覆岩破断与异常性机制特征研究[J]. 矿业研究与开发，2024，44(1)：54–59.(ZHANG Lei，WANG Peng，GU Chao，et al. Study on the characteristics of fracture and abnormality mechanism in Comprehensive mining of e-xtra-thick coal seam overburden rock[J]. Mining Research and Development，2024，44(1)：54–59.(in Chinese))
[19] 郭军，王子，冯国瑞，等. 基于低位覆岩结构力学解析的特厚煤层大采高综放工作面支架工作阻力计算方法[J]. 煤炭学报，2025，50(增1)：98–111.(GUO Jun，WANG Zi，FENG Guorui，et al. Calculation method of support working resistance for fully mechanized top-coal caving face with large mining height in extra-thick coal seam based on structural mechanics analysis of low-lying overburden[J]. Journal of China Coal Society，2025，50(Supp.1)：98–111.(in Chinese))
[20] 鞠金峰，许家林，王庆雄. 大采高采场关键层“悬臂梁”结构运动型式及对矿压的影响[J]. 煤炭学报，2011，36(12)：2 115–2 120.(JU Jinfeng，XU Jialin，WANG Qingxiong.Cantilever structure moving type of key strata and its influence on ground pressure in large mining height workface[J]. Journal of China Coal Society，2011，36(12)：2 115–2 120.(in Chinese))
[21] 梁运培，李波，袁永，等. 大采高综采采场关键层运动型式及对工作面矿压的影响[J]. 煤炭学报，2017，42(6)：1 380–1 391. (LIANG Yunpei，LI Bo，YUAN Yong，et al. Moving type of key strata an-d its influence on ground pressure in fully mechanized mining face with large mining height[J]. Journal of China Coal Society，2017，42(6)：1 380–1 391.(in Chinese))
[22] 赵一鸣，张农，郑西贵，等. 千米深井厚硬顶板直覆沿空留巷围岩结构优化[J]. 采矿与安全工程学报，2015，32(5)：714–720. (ZHAO Yiming，ZHANG Nong，ZHENG Xigui，et al. Structural optimization of overlying strata for gob-side entry retaining in 1000 m deep mine with direct thick and hard roof[J]. Journal of Mining and Safety Engineering，2015，32(5)：714–720.(in Chinese))
[23] 张向阳，李修冠，童治鹏，等. 厚煤硬顶条件下综放末采回采效率提高对策研究[J]. 采矿与安全工程学报，2024，41(2)：295–304.(ZHANG Xiangyang，LI Xiuguan，TONG Zhipeng，et al. Enhancing recovery efficiency during the final mining phase of fully mechanized caving mining under thick-coal hard-roof conditions：countermeasures and strategies[J]. Journal of Mining and Safety Engineering，2024，41(2)：295–304.(in Chinese))
[24] 杨俊哲，郑凯歌，王振荣，等. 坚硬顶板动力灾害超前弱化治理技术[J]. 煤炭学报，2020，45(10)：3 371–3 379.(YANG Junzhe，ZHENG Kaige，WANG Zhenrong，et al. Technology of weakening and danger-breaking dynamic disasters by hard roof[J]. Journal of China Coal Society，2020，45(10)：3 371–3 379.(in Chinese))
[25] 杨登峰，张凌凡，柴茂，等. 基于断裂力学的特厚煤层综放开采顶板破断规律研究[J]. 岩土力学，2016，37(7)：2 033–2 039.(YANG Dengfeng，ZHANG Linfan，CHAI Mao，et al. Study of roof breaking law of fully mechanized top coal caving mining in ultra-thick coal seam based on fracture mechanics[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics，2016，37(7)：2 033–2 039.(in Chinese))
[26] 任艳芳. 浅埋深工作面覆岩“悬臂梁-铰接岩梁”结构的提出与验证[J]. 煤炭学报，2019，44(增1)：1–8.(REN Yanfang. Presentation and verification of “cantilever beam-articulated rock beam” composite structure in shallow buried working face[J]. Journal of China Coal Society，2019，44(Supp.1)：1–8.(in Chinese))
[27] 钱鸣高，许家林. 煤炭开采与岩层运动[J]. 煤炭学报，2019，44(4)：973–984.(QIAN Minggao，XU Jialin. Behaviors of strata movement in coal mi-ning[J]. Journal of China Coal Society，2019，44(4)：973–984.(in Chinese))
[28] 张宏伟，赵世帆，管隆刚，等. 6.0 m大采高厚硬顶板工作面强矿压特征[J]. 采矿与岩层控制工程学报，2022，4(5)：37–46.(ZHANG Hongwei，ZHAO Shifan，GUAN Longgang，et al. Characteristics of strong mining pressure in 6.0 m high mining height and thick hard roof working face[J]. Journal of Mining and Strata Control Engineering，2022，4(5)：37–46.(in Chinese))
[29] 高玉兵，王琦，杨军，等. 特厚煤层综放开采邻空动压巷道围岩变形机制及卸压控制[J]. 煤炭科学技术，2023，51(2)：83–94.(GAO Yubing，WANG Qi，YANG Jun，et al. Mechanism of deformation and pressure relief control of dynamic gob side entry surroundings in fully-mechanized caving mining for extra-thick coal seam[J]. Coal Science and Technology，2023，51(2)：83–94.(in Chinese))
[30] 左建平，马宗宇，蒋一铭，等. 真三轴深部岩石力学试验系统研制与初步应用[J]. 中国矿业大学学报，2025，54(6)：1 371–1 387.(ZUO Jianping，MA Zongyu，JIANG Yiming，et al. Development and preliminary application of true triaxial deep rock mechanics testing system[J]. Journal of China University of Mining and Technology，2025，54(6)：1 371–1 387.(in Chinese))
[31] 许慧聪，来兴平，单鹏飞，等. 深部煤岩动力灾害多场耦合试验系统研制及应用[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2025，44(4)：926–939.(XU Huicong，LAI Xingping，SHAN Pengfei，et al. Development and application of multi-field coupling test system for deep coal-rock dynamic disaster[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2025，44(4)：926–939.(in Chinese))
[32] 赵庆雄，曹平，芦正强，等. 20MN大尺寸岩体三向五面试验系统研制与应用[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2023，42(8)：1 847–1 865. (ZHAO Qingxiong，CAO Ping，LU Zhengqiang，et al. Development of 20MN large-scale rock mass three-direction five-surface test system and its application[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2023，42(8)：1 847–1 865.(in Chinese))
[33] 余伟健，潘豹，吴根水，等. 等效非均匀荷载条件下梯形截面岩石力学特性试验研究[J]. 采矿与岩层控制工程学报，2024，6(3)：033022.(YU Weijian，PAN Bao，WU Genshui，et al. Experimental study on mechanical characteristics of rock of trapezoidal cross section under the equivalent non-uniform loading conditions[J]. Journal of Mining and Strata Control Engineering，2024，6(3)：033022.(in Chinese))
[34] FENG G R，GUO W，QI T Y，et al. Failure mechanisms and destruction characteristics of cemented coal gangue backfill under compression effect of non-uniform load[J]. Journal of Central South University，2024，31(8)：2 676–2 693.
[35] 许江，刘东，尹光志，等. 非均布荷载条件下煤与瓦斯突出模拟实验[J]. 煤炭学报，2012，37(5)：836–842.(XU Jiang，LIU Dong，YIN Zhiguang，et al. Simulation experiment of coal and gas outburst under non-uniform load[J]. Journal of China Coal Society，2012，37(5)：836–842.(in Chinese))
[36] 王晓，文志杰，MIKAEL R，等. 非均布荷载作用下煤岩力学强度特性试验研究[J]. 岩土力学，2017，38(3)：723–730.(WANG Xiao，WEN Zhijie，MIKAEL Rinne，et al. Experimental study of strength properties of coal-rock under non-uniformly distributed load[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics，2017，38(3)：723–730.(in Chinese))
[37] WANG X，WEN Z J，JIANG Y J，et al. Experimental study on mechanical and acoustic emission characteristics of rock-like material under non-uniformly distributed loads[J]. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering，2018，51(3)：729–745.
[38] 郭育光，柏建彪，侯朝炯. 沿空留巷巷旁充填体主要参数研究[J]. 中国矿业大学学报，1992，21(4)：1–11.(GUO Yuguang，BAI Jianbiao，HOU Chaojiong. Study on the main parameters of gateside packs in gateways maintained along gob-edges[J]. Journal of China University of Mining and Technology，1992，21(4)：1–11.(in Chinese))
[39] 秦宾宾，何富连，吕凯，等. 特厚煤层综放末采基本顶梯形块结构稳定性研究[J]. 采矿与安全工程学报，2022，39(3)：489–498.(QIN Binbin，HE Fulian，LYU Kai，et al. Research on structural stability of main roof trapezoid block in the terminal mining period of fully mechanized top coal caving face of extra thick coal seam[J]. Journal of Mining and Safety Engineering，2022，39(3)：489–498.(in Chinese))
[40] FUMAGALLI，EMANUELE. Statical and geomechanical models[M]. Vienna：Springer Vienna，1973：1–13.
[41] JIANG R C，DAI F，LIU Y，et al. A novel method for automatic identification of rock fracture signals in micro-seismic monitoring[J]. Measurement，2021，175：109129.
[42] SUN J，WANG L G，HOU H Q. Application of micro-seismic monitoring technology in mining engineering[J]. International Journal of Mining Science and Technology，2012，22(1)：79–83.
[43] SHEN W L，SHI G C，WANG Y G，et al. Tomography of the dynamic stress coefficient for stress wave prediction in sedimentary rock layer under the mining additional stress[J]. International Journal of Mining Science and Technology，2021，31(4)：653–663.
[44] WANG J，NING J G，JIANG L S，et al. Effects of main roof fracturing on energy evolution during the extraction of thick coal seems in deep longwall faces[J]. Acta Geodynamica et Geomaterialia，2017，14(4)：377–387.