基于修正能量框架的岩石脆性指数及其在循环侵水–围压耦合作用下的演化规律

doi:10.3724/1000-6915.jrme.2026.0097

Abstract
Figure/Table
References (0)
Related Citation (15)

Download: PDF (1499 KB) HTML (1 KB)
Export: BibTeX | EndNote (RIS)

Abstract Rock brittleness is a key mechanical parameter that affects the failure mode of rock mass structures under complex hydraulic action. To quantify the evolution law of rock brittleness under cyclic water intrusion, this study establishes an improved energy calculation model and, based on energy evolution theory, constructs brittleness indices for the pre-peak, post-peak, and the entire deformation processes. A comprehensive brittleness index (BI) is proposed, and its reliability is validated through uniaxial compression tests on four typical rocks (diorite, marble, sandstone, and mudstone). To explore the applicability of the brittleness index, triaxial compression tests under different confining pressures were conducted on yellow sandstone subjected to different cyclic water intrusions. The research results indicate that: (1) Comparing the comprehensive brittleness index (BI) with existing brittleness indices reveals that the brittleness prediction results for typical rocks show a consistent trend, indicating that this index can accurately reflect rock brittleness; (2) Cyclic water intrusion leads to progressive deterioration in the mechanical properties of sandstone, with the peak stress decreasing by 5.1%-12.0% and the residual strength decreasing by 15.6%-25.0%, and the damage evolution exhibits an S-shaped three-stage pattern; (3) Cyclic water intrusion significantly reduces sandstone brittleness, whereas confining pressure demonstrates an obvious dual-stage regulatory effect on sandstone brittleness, enhancing brittleness under low confining pressure conditions (0-10 MPa) and reducing brittleness under higher confining pressure conditions (10-15 MPa). The results of this study are of great significance for understanding the progressive failure mechanisms of water-involved rock engineering, and can provide a theoretical basis and potential applications for the stability assessment of structures such as reservoir bank slopes and underground caverns.

Key words： rock mechanics brittleness index cyclic water intrusion triaxial compression energy evolution rock damage

	Service

	E-mail this article
	Add to my bookshelf
	Add to citation manager
	E-mail Alert
	RSS
	Articles by authors
	YAN Yushui1
	2
	ZHANG Runchang1
	2
	QIN Zhe1
	2*
	HAN Jihuan1
	2
	YIN Zhaoting1
	2

Cite this article:

YAN Yushui1,2,ZHANG Runchang1, et al. A rock brittleness index based on a modified energy framework and its evolution under the coupled effect of cyclic water intrusion and confining pressure[J]. , 2026, 45(11): 3355-3371.

URL:

https://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/EN/10.3724/1000-6915.jrme.2026.0097 OR https://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/EN/Y2026/V45/I11/3355

[1] CAI M，KAISER P K，TASAKA Y，et al. Generalized crack initiation and crack damage stress thresholds of brittle rock masses near underground excavations[J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences，2004，41(5)：833–847.

[2] 黄耀莹，翟越，王铭，等. 水岩作用下花岗岩动态冲击压缩特性及损伤时效性研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2024，43(增2)：3 759–3 770.(HUANG Yaoying，ZHAI Yue，WANG Ming，et al. Study on the influence of water-rock interaction time on dynamic impact compression characteristics and damage of granite[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2024，43(Supp.2)：3 759–3 770. (in Chinese))

[3] NYGÅRD R，GUTIERREZ M，BRATLI R K，et al. Brittle-ductile transition，shear failure and leakage in shales and mudrocks[J]. Marine and Petroleum Geology，2006，23(2)：201–212.

[4] XIE J，ZHANG J，FANG Y，et al. Quantitative evaluation of shale brittleness based on brittle-sensitive index and energy evolution-based fuzzy analytic hierarchy process[J]. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering，2023，56(4)：3 003–3 021.

[5] SONG C，FENG G，BAI J，et al. Progressive failure characteristics and water-induced deterioration mechanism of fissured sandstone under water-rock interaction[J]. Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics，2023，128：104151.

[6] 金解放，肖莜丰，钱豪，等. 水力耦合作用下岩石动态强度疲劳劣化特性研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2026，45(4)：996–1 013. (JIN Jiefang，XIAO Youfeng，QIAN Hao，et al. Research on the dynamic strength fatigue degradation characteristics of rock under hydraulic coupling action[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2026，45(4)：996–1 013.(in Chinese))

[7] CAI X，ZHOU Z，TAN L，et al. Fracture behavior and damage mechanisms of sandstone subjected to wetting-drying cycles[J]. Engineering Fracture Mechanics，2020，234：107109.

[8] YU J，DENG H，HE S，et al. Effects of wet-dry cycles and acidic environments on the mechanical properties and microstructure of silty mudstone[J]. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering，2025，58(7)：7 259–7 285.

[9] HUCKA V，DAS B. Brittleness determination of rocks by different methods[J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences and Geomechanics Abstracts，1974，11(10)：389–392.

[10] 张超，俞缙，白允，等. 基于强度理论的岩石脆延转化统计损伤本构模型[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2023，42(2)：307–316.(ZHANG Chao，YU Jin，BAI Yun，et al. Statistical damage constitutive model of rock brittle-ductile transition based on strength theory[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2023，42(2)：307–316.(in Chinese))

[11] ZHENG Z，ZHENG H，ZHAO J，et al. Ductile-brittle quantitative evaluation of rock based on post-peak properties under true triaxial stress[J]. Geomechanics and Geophysics for Geo-Energy and Geo-Resources，2023，9(1)：81.

[12] KUANG Z，QIU S，LI S，et al. A new rock brittleness index based on the characteristics of complete stress-strain behaviors[J]. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering，2021，54(3)：1 109–1 128.

[13] WANG W，WANG Y，CHAI B，et al. An energy-based method to determine rock brittleness by considering rock damage[J]. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering，2022，55(3)：1 585–1 597.

[14] 夏宏泉，杨双定，弓浩浩，等. 岩石脆性实验及压裂缝高度与宽度测井预测[J]. 西南石油大学学报：自然科学版，2013，35(4)：81–89.(XIA Hongquan，YANG Shuangding，GONG Haohao，et al. Research on rock brittleness experiment and logging prediction of hydraulic fracture height and width[J]. Journal of Southwest Petroleum University：Science and Technology，2013，35(4)：81–89.(in Chinese))

[15] GONG F，WANG Y. A new rock brittleness index based on the peak elastic strain energy consumption ratio[J]. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering，2022，55(3)：1 571–1 582.

[16] JIANG W，LAI Y，MA Q，et al. Mechanical damage model and brittleness index of frozen rocks based on statistical damage theory[J]. Acta Geotechnica，2023，18(9)：4 687–4 713.

[17] WANG J，DU J，LI W，et al. Brittleness index evaluation of gas-bearing sandstone under triaxial compression conditions[J]. Geomechanics and Geophysics for Geo-energy and Geo-resources，2023，9(1)：160.

[18] 魏安辉，牟琦，唐伟，等. 考虑峰后脆性特征的岩石损伤模型[J]. 地下空间与工程学报，2025，21(4)：1 126–1 136.(WEI Anhui，MOU Qi，TANG Wei，et al. Rock damage model considering post-peak brittleness characteristics[J]. Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering，2025，21(4)：1 126–1 136.(in Chinese))

[19] 郭允朋，刘冬桥，杨圣开，等. 基于Logistic分布的脆性岩石应变软化损伤本构模型及其验证[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2025，44(7)：1 828–1 845.(GUO Yunpeng，LIU Dongqiao，YANG Shengkai，et al. Strain softening damage constitutive model and its verification for brittle rocks based on Logistic distribution[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2025，44(7)：1 828–1 845.(in Chinese))

[20] 谢和平，鞠杨，黎立云. 基于能量耗散与释放原理的岩石强度与整体破坏准则[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2005，24(17)：3 003–3 010. (XIE Heping，JU Yang，LI Liyun. Criteria for strength and structural failure of rocks based on energy dissipation and energy release principles based on energy dissipation and energy release principles[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2005，24(17)：3 003–3 010.(in Chinese))

[21] TARASOV B，POTVIN Y. Universal criteria for rock brittleness estimation under triaxial compression[J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences，2013，59：57–69.

[22] XU L，XU X，SUN Y，et al. Evaluation of rock brittleness based on complete stress-strain curve[J]. Mathematics，2022，10(23)：4470.

[23] 宋昊，夏敏，任光明. 基于峰前能量演化及峰后侧向变形特征的岩石脆性评价方法[J]. 成都理工大学学报：自然科学版，2023，50(6)：723–733.(SONG Hao，XIA Min，REN Guangming. Rock brittleness evaluation method based on pre-peak energy evolution and post-peak lateral deformation characteristics[J]. Journal of Chengdu University of Technology：Science and Technology，2023，50(6)：723–733.(in Chinese))

[24] 任岚，蒋豪，赵金洲，等. 基于能量演化的超深层高温页岩脆性评价方法[J]. 地下空间与工程学报，2023，19(1)：148–156.(REN Lan，JIANG Hao，ZHAO Jinzhou，et al. An evaluation method of rock brittleness for the ultra-deep and high-temperature shale based on energy evolution[J]. Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering，2023，19(1)：148–156.(in Chinese))

[25] WEN T，WANG Y，TANG H. Quantitative evaluation of rock brittle property based on energy evolution and its application in Three Gorges Reservoir area[J]. Journal of Earth Science，2024，35(6)：2 013–2 029.

[26] JIANG X，LI Y，PAN Y，et al. A new brittleness index considering radial strain energy dissipation[J]. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering，2025，58(1)：645–658.

[27] 陈国庆，吴家尘，蒋万增，等. 基于弹性能演化全过程的岩石脆性评价方法[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2020，39(5)：901–911.(CHEN Guoqing，WU Jiachen，JIANG Wanzeng，et al. An evaluation method of rock brittleness based on the whole process of elastic energy evolution[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2020，39(5)：901–911.(in Chinese))

[28] BAUD P，ZHU W，WONG T. Failure mode and weakening effect of water on sandstone[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research：Solid Earth，2000，105(B7)：16 371–16 389.

[29] YANG F W，LI B Y，DU P Z，et al. Weakening effect of water on mechanical properties of brittle shale under triaxial compression[J]. Lithosphere，2023，2023(1)：5065549.

[30] CHEN C，XIE H，XU J，et al. 3D digital-image correlation insight into generalized relaxation behavior of sandstone under stress and pore pressure coupling[J]. Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering，2024，16(7)：2 516–2 536.

[31] QIN Z，LI Z，SUN J，et al. Study on the evolution law of fracture of sandstone under cyclic water intrusion based on particle-cement coupling damage[J]. Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment，2025，84(6)：320.

[32] SUN Z，SONG X，FENG G，et al. Experimental study on the fracture behavior of sandstone after ScCO₂-water-rock interaction[J]. Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering，2019，68：102904.

[33] FU X，BAN Y，XIE Q，et al. Triaxial compression mechanical properties and multidirectional fracture mechanism of sandstone under different pore pressure[C]// EGU General Assembly Conference Abstracts. Vienna：EGU，2023：EGU–6852.

[34] QIN Z，ZHANG R，MAO W，et al. A meso-damage-based constitutive model for yellow sandstone under dry-wet cycles[J]. Deep Underground Science and Engineering，2024，3(4)：497–507.

[35] QIN Z，ZHANG R，WANG K，et al. Shear damage constitutive model of rock-like joint surface considering the coupling effect of cyclic water intrusion and loading[J]. International Journal of Mining Science and Technology，2025，35(6)：881–895.

[36] TAHMASEBINIA F，ZHANG C，CANBULAT I，et al. Computing the damage and fracture energy in a coal mass based on joint density[J]. International Journal of Mining Science and Technology，2018，28(5)：813–817.

[37] ZHANG K，WANG W，CAO Y，et al. Experimental investigations of the rock brittleness evaluation under different loading conditions[J]. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering，2025，58(2)：1 473–1 502.

[38] ZHANG K，WANG W，CAO Y，et al. Brittleness evaluation and damage evolution of sandstone under hydromechanical coupling[J]. International Journal of Damage Mechanics，2025，34(1)：81–115.

[39] 马永安，于崇，李海波，等. 花岗岩破裂过程力学特性与能量耗散试验研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2025，44(5)：1 313–1 325. (MA Yongan，YU Chong，LI Haibo，et al. Experimental study on the mechanical properties and energy dissipation of granite during the fracturing process[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2025，44(5)：1 313–1 325.(in Chinese))

[40] TAN G，MA C，ZHANG J，et al. Mechanical behavior of rock under uniaxial tension：Insights from energy storage and dissipation[J]. Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering，2024，16(7)：2 466–2 481.

[41] WANG B，LIU Z，XUE J，et al. A rock brittleness index based on the postpeak energy release rate and damage surface characteristics for brittle hard rock[J]. Deep Underground Science and Engineering，2025，https://doi.org/10.1002/dug2.70058

[42] SHEN R，WANG X，LI H，et al. Brittleness characteristics and damage evolution of coal under true triaxial loading based on the energy principle[J]. Natural Resources Research，2024，33(1)：421–434.

[43] WANG W，WANG Y，CHAI B，et al. An energy-based method to determine rock brittleness by considering rock damage[J]. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering，2022，55(3)：1 585–1 597.

[44] ZHONG C，WU L，LI S，et al. A novel energy-based method to evaluate layered rock brittleness[J]. International Journal of Geomechanics，2023，23(1)：04022249.

[45] CHEN G，JIANG W，SUN X，et al. Quantitative evaluation of rock brittleness based on crack initiation stress and complete stress-strain curves[J]. Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment，2019，78(8)：5 919–5 936.

[46] LIU Z，FAN T，WANG Z，et al. A rock brittleness evaluation method in interbedded reservoirs based on statistical damage constitutive[J]. Journal of Petroleum Exploration and Production Technology，2025，15(7)：114.

[47] YAO P，ZHANG J，QIN Z，et al. Effect of pore structure heterogeneity of sandstone reservoirs on porosity-permeability variation by using single-multi-fractal models[J]. Acs Omega，2024，9(22)：23 339–23 354.

[48] MA J，NIU X，XIONG C，et al. Experimental investigation of the physical properties and microstructure of slate under wetting and drying cycles using micro-CT and ultrasonic wave velocity tests[J]. Sensors，2020，20(17)：4853.

[49] QIN H，TANG H，YIN X，et al. Study on mechanical properties and strength criterion of mudstone under loading and unloading considering pre-peak damage[J]. International Journal of Damage Mechanics，2025，34(8)：1 233–1 256.

[50] NIU S，WU J，ZHAO J. Study on the energy characteristics of rocks under cyclic loading and unloading[J]. Scientific Reports，2025，15(1)：12 302.

WANG J，ZHANG H，QI S，et al. Study on the strength and failure characteristics of silty mudstone using different unloading paths[J]. Materials，2023，16(14)：5155