2025 44 (8):  2178-2190    ISSN: 1000-6915  CN: 42-1397/O3 Theoretical equation to predict soil tortuosity considering the effect of particle non-uniformity and its application ZHANG Zhao1, 2, MA Hao1, ZHU Liangyu3, ZHANG Zhao1, ZHOU Zihao1, ZHANG Yuan?ao1, WEN Yilong1 (1. School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Xi?an University of Technology, Xi?an, Shaanxi 710048, China; 2. State Key Laboratory of Water Engineering Ecology and Environment in Arid Area, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi?an, Shaanxi 710048, China; 3. Institute of New Energy Engineering, POWERCHINA Beijing Engineering Corporation Limited, Beijing 100024, China) Received: null  Revised: null  Online: null Supporting info