Abstract:The strategic West Route of South-to-North Water Transfer Project locates in sharp cold area of China. The special problems of engineering geology and rock mechanics existing in the project,such as active faults and related issue of tunnel faulting,potential disaster of debris flow,high pressure water flow and debris flow in the tunnel,high earth temperature induced deterioration of rock properties,high in-situ stress and its variation tendency,rock mechanics problems related to TBM,and the potential regional changing in geological environment,etc,are challenging for the geotechnical engineers. It is difficult to reveal and estimate the potential disaster for the project. The particular problems and some of the disaster results are discussed,and the guideline for further investigation is proposed.