基于图像处理的Q3黄土的微观结构变化研究

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摘要黄土地质灾害的发生与黄土的微结构特征息息相关。针对黄土微结构图像定量分析中存在的问题，对原状及循环荷载作用后Q3黄土的微观结构特征进行研究。首先探讨SEM图像处理中的降噪和分割方法，将Lee图像增强算法应用于图像的降噪处理，将FCM聚类方法应用于灰度图像的分割，在此基础上计算循环荷载作用前后Q3黄土的孔隙面积、孔径、圆度、形态比等参数。结果表明：(1) 通过SEM图像表观特征的分析可知，在动应力的作用下，大孔隙数目减少，颗粒排列逐渐密实，接触关系也逐渐由点接触变为面接触；(2) 通过对孔隙面积、数量变化的分析可知，循环荷载产生的变形主要由于大孔隙破坏造成；(3) 通过对孔隙定向分布特征的研究可知，原状黄土的孔隙具有定向特性，在循环荷载的作用下，孔隙的定向性发生改变；(4) 通过对孔隙形状分布特征的研究可知，在动应力作用下，土颗粒发生转动，部分孔隙连通性受损。本研究可为揭示土体宏观受力的变形机制提供依据。

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关键词 ：土力学, 黄土微观结构, SEM图像分析, 孔隙变化

Abstract：Loess geological disaster is closely related to its microstructural characteristics. For the issues now existing in quantitative analysis of scanning electron microscope(SEM) image，the microstructural characteristics of intact and cyclic loaded Q3 losses are studied. Firstly，noise reduction and segmentation method in the scanning electron microscope(SEM) image processing are discussed. A SEM image analysis method is presented by applying Lee image enhancement algorithm to image noise reduction and applying the fuzzy C-means clustering method to gray-scale image segmentation. With the presented SEM image analysis method，the pore area，pore size，roundness，shape ratio and other parameters of Q3 losses before and after cyclic loading are calculated. The results indicate as follows：(1) Large pores number of loess decreases，loess particles gradually arrange densely，and their contact relationship changes from point contact to surface contact under dynamic stress by analyzing the appearance features of SEM images. (2) The deformation produced by cyclic loading is mainly due to damage of large pores by analyzing pore area and its number changes. (3) Loess pores get a directional feature and the features change after damage of soil structure due to cyclic loading by analyzing loess pore directional distribution characteristics. (4) Based on the study of pore shape distribution characteristics，the soil particles may rotate and narrow pore of loess changes greatly，which resultantly result in the damage of pore connectivity. The study can provide basis for soil macroscopic deformation mechanism.

Key words： soil mechanics loess microstructure scanning electron microscope(SEM) image analysis pore change

收稿日期: 2010-02-25

引用本文:

谷天峰1，2，王家鼎1，2，郭乐1，2，仵大磊1，2，李开超1，2. 基于图像处理的Q3黄土的微观结构变化研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2011, 30(S1): 3185-3192.
GU Tianfeng1，2，WANG Jiading1，2，GUO Le1，2，WU Dalei1，2，LI Kaichao1，2. STUDY OF Q3 LOESS MICROSTRUCTURE CHANGES BASED ON IMAGE PROCESSING. , 2011, 30(S1): 3185-3192.

链接本文:

http://www.rockmech.org/CN/Y2011/V30/IS1/3185

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