基于应力–渗流–损伤耦合效应的断层活化突水机制研究

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摘要基于大量煤矿断层突水案例的系统调查分析和归类统计，研究充填型断层滞后突水的灾变演化机制，分析采动条件下断层形态产状、充填性、导水性的变化及其对断层活化突水通道形成过程的影响。以承压水下开采的充填断层为例，分析充填介质距含水层远近的弹性区和应变软化区的力学特性和渗流特征，将水致弱函数引入充填介质的剪应力和变形的本构关系中，建立断层充填结构滑移突水的燕尾突变模型，由系统势能函数的分叉集导出突水灾变演化路径的主控因素；对于承压水上开采的充填型断层，分析充填介质失效过程的渗流损伤特征。考虑充填介质的压剪和拉剪双重破坏准则，引入适合描述充填介质损伤前后阶段的应力–渗流–损伤耦合方程，采用有限元数值仿真真实再现采动应力扰动和高压承压水双重作用下底板采动裂隙演化、断层介质活化直至突水通道形成的灾变演化过程。通过对不同断距和倾角的断层突水过程的仿真分析，揭示突水通道形成过程中岩体应力场、渗流场以及损伤场的耦合效应，实现对不同突水通道形成轨迹的路径记录和准确定位，归纳出断层活化突水的4种典型破裂通道类型。研究结论对我国煤矿突水机制与灾害防治的认识具有一定的指导和借鉴意义。

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关键词 ：采矿工程, 深部开采, 断层活化, 充填介质, 突水通道, 灾变演化机制

Abstract：Based on investigation analysis and classification statistics of massive cases of water inrush geological hazards in mining activities，catastrophe evolution mechanism of water inrush of retarded type for filling fault has been researched；the variation characteristics of fault occurrence，filling ability and water conductivity due to mining effect have been analyzed；the physico-mechanical characteristics of filling medium effect on water inrush channel formation of fault activation have been analyzed. Taking the filling fault under pressure water for example，the mechanical characteristics and seepage properties of filling medium at elastic region and strain-softening zone with different distances from the aquifer have been analyzed；and the function of water effect on filling medium strength has been adopted to the constitutive relation of shear stress and deformation，in order to establish the swallowtail catastrophe model of water inrush for filling structure slipping；and the main influencing factors of catastrophe evolution path have been derived from the bifurcation set of system potential function. For the filling fault above the pressure water，the seepage damage characteristics of filling medium for its failure process have been analyzed. Considering the double failure criterion of compression shear and tension shear，and the coupling equation of stress and seepage damage which is suitable for the damage description of pre-and post stages has been adopted，in order to get the catastrophe evolution process of floor cracks evolution，activation process of fault filling medium and formation of water inrush passage. Through the simulation analysis of water inrush of fault activation with different dip angles and fault throws，the coupling effect of stress and seepage damage have been analyzed；and four typical styles of water inrush paths have been put forward by accurately locating the different evolution paths of water inrush. The conclusions can provide reference for the study of the mechanism of water inrush and its control.

Key words： mining engineering deep mining fault activation filling medium water inrush passage mechanism of catastrophe evolution process

收稿日期: 2011-01-05

引用本文:

李利平1，2，李术才1，石少帅1，许振浩1. 基于应力–渗流–损伤耦合效应的断层活化突水机制研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2011, 30(S1): 3295-3304.
LI Liping1，2，LI Shucai1，SHI Shaoshuai1，XU Zhenhao1. WATER INRUSH MECHANISM STUDY OF FAULT ACTIVATION INDUCED BY COUPLING EFFECT OF STRESS-SEEPAGE-DAMAGE. , 2011, 30(S1): 3295-3304.

链接本文:

http://www.rockmech.org/CN/Y2011/V30/IS1/3295

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