浅埋近距离房式煤柱下采动应力演化及致灾机制

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摘要浅埋近距离房式煤柱下长壁工作面回采将受到上煤层采空区遗留煤柱和本煤层工作面动压的共同影响。针对石圪台矿3–1–2煤层工作面顶板压力大、支架被压死等问题，采用理论分析、数值模拟及现场试验等方法，探讨采动应力演化规律及压架致灾机制。研究结果表明，与莫尔–库仑准则相比，应变软化准则能够准确地反映上层遗留房式煤柱在下层长壁工作面采动应力影响下的变形破坏机制；当上层遗留煤柱较完整，下煤层工作面位于煤柱下方时，受煤柱应力集中及采动影响，下煤层工作面顶板沿煤柱边缘直接切落，载荷集中造成支架压死。通过采前或回采过程中爆破上层遗留煤柱，将顶板压力转移到工作面前方煤岩体内，有效减小工作面围岩应力集中，保证下煤层工作面安全开采。

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关键词 ：采矿工程, 房式遗留煤柱, 应变软化准则, 应力演化, 压架致灾, 爆破煤柱

Abstract：Mining in shallow coal seam，which in proximity underlying the room mining residual pillars，is mainly affected by the upper residual pillars and the active mining induced stress. According to the problems of huge ground pressure and support yield accidents during mining in the No. 3–1–2 seam in the Shigetai Coal Mine，integrated research methods of theoretical analysis，numerical simulation and field testing were undertaken for the mechanism of mining induced stress evolution and support accidents. The result shows that，in contrast with Mohr-Coulomb criteria，the strain-softening criteria is accurate to capture the mechanism of deformation and destruction of the residual pillars in the room mining goaf，under the condition of the lower longwall mining induced stress. In the conditions that the residual pillars were stable in the room mining goaf，and the mining face was underlying these stable pillars，as a result of the residual pillars concentrated stress and the mining induced stress，the roof of the underlying seam slicing and falling nearby the edge of the residual pillar，and this big loading results in support yield. Blasting the upper pillars was carried out before and during excavated the No. 3–1–2 seam，the roof pressure transfers into the distant rock(coal) in the front of the working face. This measure effectively reduces the concentrated surrounding rock stress in the lower longwall face，and enables mining safely in the shallow seam in proximity underlying the room mining residual pillars.

Key words： mining engineering room mining residual pillars strain-soften criterion stress evolution support yield accidents blasting coal pillars

收稿日期: 2011-12-19

引用本文:

白庆升1，2，屠世浩1，2，王方田1，2，袁永1，2. 浅埋近距离房式煤柱下采动应力演化及致灾机制[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2012, 31(s2): 3772-3778.
BAI Qingsheng1，2，TU Shihao1，2，WANG Fangtian1，2，YUAN Yong1，2. STRESS EVOLUTION AND INDUCED ACCIDENTS MECHANISM IN SHALLOW COAL SEAM IN PROXIMITY UNDERLYING THE ROOM MINING RESIDUAL PILLARS. , 2012, 31(s2): 3772-3778.

链接本文:

http://www.rockmech.org/CN/Y2012/V31/Is2/3772

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