高地应力硬岩矿山诱导致裂非爆连续开采初探——以开阳磷矿为例

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摘要在阐述深部金属矿硬岩在高地应力作用下储能特征的基础上，分析随着金属矿山开采深度的不断增加，诱导致裂矿岩非爆连续开采方法实现的可能性。实现非爆连续开采硬岩矿山有2个必要条件：一是高效能采掘设备，二是有发育的岩体节理等结构。高地应力矿区岩体开挖卸载后，应力重分布会造成岩体强度的弱化，不稳定块体增加及地下水渗流条件改善，为机械开采提供了有利条件。通过对开阳磷矿深部磷矿体进行的地质调查和对深部磷矿体矿开展的高应力硬岩矿山非爆开采试验，进一步论证高应力诱导致裂硬岩的可行性。通过诱导工程和测试诱导巷道的松动圈范围，证明卸荷作用下岩体的节理、裂隙迅速扩展，诱导巷道的松动圈范围超出爆破松动区范围；松动圈内矿体可实现高效率机械化开采，从而实现硬岩矿山的非爆连续开采；比较独头掘进和开挖诱导巷道下多自由面掘进的效果，诱导致裂条件下开采效率得到显著提升，而且还改善了块度分布。

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关键词 ：采矿工程, 高地应力, 硬岩矿山, 非爆开采, 松动圈

Abstract：Various test results show that hard rock in high geostress tends to be broken more easily，which provides us a good opportunity to investigate non-explosive mining when unloaded. The characteristics of stored energy in hard rock metal mines under high geostress are described. Consequently，the possibility of the continuous mining methods in deep metal mines is analyzed. At present，there are two mandatory conditions to realize non-explosive mining in deep metal mines. One is the high-performance equipments，and the other one is the site-specific geographical conditions，such as well developed rock discontinuities. After unloaded in excavation，the strength of rock mass is weakened by the redistribution of high geostress，which is helpful for seepage of groundwater and thus the number of unstable blocks increases. These conditions provide the advantages for non-explosive continuous mining. In this paper，a geological survey of deep phosphate deposit in Kaiyang phosphate mine is carried out. The rock classification of deep phosphate deposit in this project is put forward according to rock mass classification system(CSIR). Non-explosive mining test for the deep phosphate deposit ore is implemented in Kaiyang phosphate mine. The results of geological survey and non-explosive mining test demonstrate the feasibility of hard rock cracking in high geostress region. The excavation damaged zone(EDZ) of roadway is tested and its scale is larger than the range of the blasting-disturbed zone. The rock mass in EDZ could be efficiently cut by a low power road header. It is easier to cut rock mass in the excavation damaged zone than full-face excavation. It shows that non-explosive mining can be employed in high geostress hard rock for its effectiveness in mining-induced fracture.

Key words： mining engineering high-geostress hard rock mine non-explosive mining excavation damaged zone(EDZ)

收稿日期: 2012-11-05

引用本文:

李夕兵1，姚金蕊1，2，杜坤1. 高地应力硬岩矿山诱导致裂非爆连续开采初探——以开阳磷矿为例[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2013, 32(6): 1101-1111.
LI Xibing1，YAO Jinrui1，2，DU Kun1. PRELIMINARY STUDY FOR INDUCED FRACTURE AND NON-EXPLOSIVE CONTINUOUS MINING IN HIGH-GEOSTRESS HARD ROCK MINE—A CASE STUDY OF KAIYANG PHOSPHATE MINE. , 2013, 32(6): 1101-1111.

链接本文:

http://www.rockmech.org/CN/Y2013/V32/I6/1101

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