基于电镜扫描实验的柱状节理隧洞卸荷破坏机制研究

摘要
图/表
参考文献
相关文章 (15)

全文: PDF (3737 KB) HTML (1 KB)
输出: BibTeX | EndNote (RIS)

摘要采用现场调查、室内力学实验、细观实验的方法，对导流洞内柱状节理玄武岩的卸荷破坏机制进行研究。研究结果表明：(1) 柱状节理岩体内节理面主要包括：柱间节理面、柱内竖直隐节理面、柱内水平节理面，柱间节理面表面粗糙不平，为岩浆岩冷却后形成；柱内竖直隐节理面存在羽毛状陡坎，开挖卸荷后易松弛成为显节理；柱内水平节理面表面平整，方向近乎水平。(2) 将现场破坏面与标准破坏模式下的电镜扫描结果对比表明：柱内竖直隐节理面为原生节理面，破坏形式主要为拉破坏；柱间节理面为原生张拉节理，破坏形式包括拉伸与剪切及其混合破坏；水平节理面为构造运动中形成，无明显开挖卸荷破裂特征。(3) 柱状节理塌方机制为：受多组节理切割，柱体易沿节理面从柱体内外共同破裂，呈小柱体垮落，即硐室开挖后，当法向力超过柱间节理面抗拉强度时，柱状节理沿着柱间节理面开裂，并滑移；在滑移过程中，柱间节理面相互摩擦，形成剪破坏特征；当法向力超过柱内竖直隐节理抗拉强度时，柱体内部沿着柱内竖直隐节理破裂；节理面相互切割形成小柱体，从柱体内外共同破裂，并向临空面滑落；由于水平节理面非常发育，小柱体最终会在重力及开挖扰动作用下垮塌脱离母岩，严重时形成塌方。该机制可以很好地解释现场边墙柱体破裂面中三弱面共存的原因。

	服务

	把本文推荐给朋友
	加入我的书架
	加入引用管理器
	E-mail Alert
	RSS
	作者相关文章

关键词 ：岩石力学, 柱状节理, 卸荷破坏机制, 电镜扫描实验, 隧洞

Abstract：The unloading failure mechanism of columnar jointed rock mass in tunnel was studied by using in-situ measuring method，laboratory and scanning electron microscopy(SEM) experiments method. The results indicated that：(1) The fractures contained in the columnar jointed rock mass mainly include three types of joints：joints between the columnar，implicit joints inside columnar and crosswise joints. The joints between the columnar formed in the cooling process of basaltic lava flows are rough. The implicit joints inside columnar，which would resolve into explicit joints after excavation，have plumose steep sill in their surfaces. The crosswise joints，whose direction almost horizontal，is a smooth surface. (2) Compared with SEM analysis under standard failure mode，the results of SEM in site showed that：implicit joints and the joints between the columnar are native tension joints，while the former is mainly in tension failure and the latter is composite tension-shear failure. The crystals is so well developed on the crosswise joints that no apparent breakage characteristic induced by excavation is found. (3) The unloading failure mechanism of columnar jointed rock mass is：The fractures are so well developed that the columnar joints would break from both exterior and interior which lead to the results that the collapse columnar are mainly small columnar and rarely have intact columnar. That is the columnar will first break between columnar and then break from inside when normal force is beyond the tension strength of joints between columnar and implicit joints，respectively. Then the friction between the columnar would come which formed shear failure. The small columnar would collapse at last under the effect of gravity and excavation- disturbance for the crosswise joints are so well developed and large scale collapse would happen in severe cases. This mechanism was a good explanation of three weak planes coexists at the rupture plane of sidewall in site.

Key words： rock mechanics columnar jointed rock mass unloading failure mechanism scanning electron microscopy(SEM) experiments tunnel

收稿日期: 2013-02-26

引用本文:

郝宪杰1，冯夏庭1，江权1，李邵军1，肖亚勋1，樊义林2，胡连兴2. 基于电镜扫描实验的柱状节理隧洞卸荷破坏机制研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2013, 32(8): 1647-1655.
HAO Xianjie1，FENG Xiating1，JIANG Quan1，LI Shaojun1，XIAO Yaxun1，FAN Yilin2，HU Lianxing2. RESEARCH ON UNLOADING FAILURE MECHANISM OF COLUMNAR JOINTED ROCK MASS IN TUNNEL BASED ON SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY EXPERIMENTS. , 2013, 32(8): 1647-1655.

链接本文:

http://www.rockmech.org/CN/Y2013/V32/I8/1647

[1]	陈旭，许模，康小兵，等. 玄武岩柱状节理成因性状研究及其对岩体质量的影响[J]. 地质找矿论丛，2008，23(3)：260-263.(CHEN Xu，XU Mo，KANG Xiaobing，et al. The research on genetic habit of columnar cleavage in basalt and the influence on the rock mass[J]. Geological Prospecting Review，2008，23(3)：260-263.(in Chinese))
[3]	MÜLLER G. Experimental simulation of basalt columns[J]. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research，1998，86(1)：93-96. " target="_blank">
[5]	GROSSENBACHER K A，MCDUFFIE S M. Conductive cooling of lava：Columnar joint diameter and stria width as functions of cooling rate and thermal gradient[J]. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research，1995，69(1)：95-103. " target="_blank">
[7]	狄圣杰，徐卫亚，王伟，等. 柱状节理岩体横观各向同性本构关系研究[J]. 中国矿业大学学报，2011，40(6)：881-887.(DI Shengjie，XU Weiya，WANG Wei，et al. Transversely isotropic constitutive properties of a columar jointed rock mass[J]. Journal of China University of Mining and Technology，2011，40(6)：881-887.(in Chinese))
[9]	闫东旭，徐卫亚，王伟，等. 柱状节理岩体宏观等效强度参数的柱体尺寸效应[J]. 沈阳工业大学学报，2012，34(3)：334-342. (YAN Dongxu，XU Weiya，WANG Wei，et al. Column size effect of macroscopic equivalent strength parameter for columnar jointed rock mass[J]. Journal of Shenyang University of Technology，2012，34(3)：334-342.(in Chinese))
[14]	石安池，唐鸣发，周其健. 金沙江白鹤滩水电站柱状节理玄武岩岩体变形特性研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2008，27(10)：2 079- 2 086.(SHI Anchi，TANG Mingfa，ZHOU Qijian. Research of deformation characteristics of columnar jointed basalt at Baihetan hydropower station on Jinsha river[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2008，27(10)：2 079-2 086.(in Chinese))
[18]	刘顺桂，池永翔，王思敬，等. 柱状节理玄武岩体抗剪强度参数尺寸效应研究[J]. 工程地质学报，2009，17(3)：367-370.(LIU Shungui，CHI Yongxiang，WANG Sijing，et al. Size effect on shear strength of basalt rock mass with columnar joints[J]. Journal of Engineering Geology，2009，17(3)：367-370.(in Chinese))
[20]	冯涛，谢学斌，潘长良，等. 岩爆岩石断裂机制的电镜分析[J].中南工业大学学报，1999，30(1)：14-17.(FENG Tao，XIE Xuebin，PAN Changliang，et al. Fracture mechanism analysis for burst rock with electron scanning microscope[J]. Journal of Central South University of Technology，1999，30(1)：14-17.(in Chinese)) " target="_blank">
[11]	钟世英，徐卫亚. 基于微结构张量理论的柱状节理岩体各向异性强度分析[J]. 岩土力学，2011，32(10)：3 081-3 084.(ZHONG Shiying，XU Weiya. Anisotropic failure criterion incorporating microstructure tensor for rock mass with columnar joints[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics，2011，32(10)：3 081-3 084.(in Chinese)) " target="_blank">
[15]	张春芳，许模，李虎，等. 柱状节理玄武岩岩体结构与结构面的分形研究[J]. 四川地质学报，2009，29(3)：292-295.(ZHANG Chunfang，XU Mo，LI Hu，et al. A study of structure and structural plane fractal of basalt rock mass with columnar joints[J]. Acta Geologica Sichuan，2009，29(3)：292-295.(in Chinese))
[21]	谢和平，陈至达. 岩石断裂的微观机制分析[J]. 煤炭学报，1989，14(2)：57-67.(XIE Heping，CHEN Zhida. Analysis of rock fracture micro-mechanism[J]. Journal of China Coal Society，1989，14(2)：57-67.(in Chinese)) " target="_blank">
[23]	谭以安. 岩爆岩石断口扫描分析及岩爆渐进破坏过程[J]. 电子显微学报，1987，6(2)：41-48.(TAN Yi?an. Analysis of fractured face of rockburst with scanning electron microscope and its progressive failure process[J]. Journal of Chinese Electron Microscopy Society，1987，6(2)：41-48.(in Chinese)) " target="_blank">
[26]	侯哲生，龚秋明，孙卓恒. 锦屏二级水电站深埋完整大理岩基本破坏方式及其发生机制[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2011，30(4)：727-732.(HOU Zhesheng，GONG Qiuming，SUN Zhuoheng. Primary failure types and their failure mechanisms of deep buried and intact marble at Jinping II hydropower station[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2011，30(4)：727-732.(in Chinese))
[2]	徐松年. 浙江中生代酸性火山岩柱状节理构造的发现及其地质意义[J]. 岩石学报，1995，11(3)：325-332.(XU Songnian. Discovery of columnar joint structure of mesozolc acidic volcanic rocks in Zhejiang Province and its geological significance [J]. Acta Petrologica Sinica，1995，11(3)：325-332.(in Chinese))
[6]	KIM K，CRAMER M L. Rock mass deformation properties of closely jointed basalt [J]. Rock Mechanics，1982，12(1)：210-230. " target="_blank">
[10]	郑文棠，徐卫亚，宁宇，等. 节理玄武岩体变形模量的尺寸效应和各向异性[J]. 工程地质学报，2010，18(4)：559-565.(ZHENG Wentang，XU Weiya，NING Yu，et al. Scale effect and anisotropy of deformation modulus of closely jointed basaltic mass[J]. Journal of Engineering Geology，2010，18(4)：559-565.(in Chinese))
[13]	朱道建，杨林德，蔡永昌. 柱状节理岩体各向异性特性及尺寸效应研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2009，28(7)：1 405-1 414.(ZHU Daojian，YANG Linde，CAI Yongchang. Research on anisotropic characteristics and size effect of columnar jointed rock mass[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2009，28(7)：1 405-1 414.(in Chinese))
[17]	刘海宁，王俊梅，王思敬. 白鹤滩柱状节理岩体真三轴模型试验研究[J]. 岩土力学，2010，31(增1)：163-171.(LIU Haining，WANG Junmei，WANG Sijing. Experimental research of columnar jointed basalt with true triaxial apparatus at Baihetan hydropower station[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics，2010，31(Supp.1)：163-171.(in Chinese))
[24]	宋晓艳，王恩元，刘贞堂，等. 冲击倾向煤破坏断口微观特征及其机制研究[J]. 中国矿业大学学报，2008，37(6)：775-779.(SONG Xiaoyan，WANG Enyuan，LIU Zhentang，et al. Study on microscopic characteristics and mechanism of impact trend coal fracture[J]. Journal of China University of Mining and Technology，2008，37(6)：775-779.(in Chinese)) " target="_blank">
[27]	朱珍德，张勇，徐卫亚，等. 高围压高水压条件下大理岩断口微观机制分析与试验研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2005，24(1)：44-51.(ZHU Zhende，ZHANG Yong，XU Weiya，et al. Experimental studies and microcosmic mechanics analysis on marble rupture under high confining pressure and high hydraulic pressure[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2005，24(1)：44-51.(in Chinese))
[4]	吕惠进. 我国酸性火山岩中的柱状节理构造景观[J]. 自然杂志，2004，27(1)：33-36.(LU Huijin. The columnar joint landscape of mesozoic acidic volcanic rocks in China[J]. Chinese Journal of Nature，2004，27(1)：33-36.(in Chinese))
[8]	闫东旭，徐卫亚，王伟，等. 柱状节理岩体宏观等效弹性模量尺寸效应研究[J]. 岩土工程学报，2012，34(2)：243-250.(YAN Dongxu，XU Weiya，WANG Wei，et al. Research of size effect on equivalent elastic modulus of columnar jointed rock mass[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering，2012，34(2)：243-250.(in Chinese))
[12]	朱道建，杨林德，蔡永昌. 柱状节理岩体压缩破坏过程模拟及机制分析[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2009，28(4)：716-724.(ZHU Daojian，YANG Linde，CAI Yongchang. Simulation of compressive failure process of columnar jointed rock mass and its failure mechanism analysis[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2009，28(4)：716-724.(in Chinese))
[16]	狄圣杰，徐卫亚，王伟. 柱状节理岩体原位变形试验力学浅析与模拟[J]. 岩土力学，2012，33(2)：501-508.(DI Shengjie，XU Weiya，WANG Wei. Mechanical analysis and simulation of in-situ deformation test of columnar jointed rock mass[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics，2012，33(2)：501-508.(in Chinese)) " target="_blank">
[19]	DEGRAFF J M，AYDIN A. Surface morphology of columnar joints and its significance to mechanics and direction of joint growth[J]. Geological Society of America Bulletin，1987，99(5)：605-617. " target="_blank">
[25]	左建平，谢和平，周宏伟，等. 温度-拉应力共同作用下砂岩破坏的断口形貌[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2007，26(12)：2 444-2 457. (ZUO Jianping，XIE Heping，ZHOU Hongwei，et al. Fractography of sandstone failure under temperature-tensile stress coupling effects[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2007，26(12)：2 444-2 457.(in Chinese))
[22]	尚嘉兰，孔常静，李廷芥，等. 岩石细观损伤破坏的观测研究[J].实验力学，1999，14(3)：373-383.(SHANG Jialan，KONG Changjing，LI Tingjie，et al. Observation and study on meso damage and fracture of rock[J]. Experimental Mechanics，1999，14(3)：373-383.(in Chinese))
[28]	黄达，谭清，黄润秋，等. 高应力卸荷条件下大理岩破裂面细微观形态特征及其与卸荷岩体强度的相关性研究[J]. 岩土力学，2012，33(增2)：7-15.(HUANG Da，TAN Qing，HUANG Runqiu，et al. Study of micro-mesoscopic characteristics of marble fracture surface and correlation with unloading rock mass strength under high stress and unloading[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics，2012，33(Supp.2)：7-15.(in Chinese))