老采空区地表残余移动变形影响函数研究

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摘要为解决老采空区地表新建建(构)筑时的地基稳定性评价问题，填补规程空白，通过覆岩结构演变分析，提出地表残余移动变形的定义和2个阶段，指出第2阶段残余移动变形才可能对地表建(构)筑产生有害影响。发现垮落岩体压实特性自老采空区边界至中央具有明显的分区性：边界区空洞，老采空区中部垮落岩体空隙及其上部岩层裂隙。将这2组决定地表残余移动变形发生的老采空区及覆岩空间，分别转化为对应的等效开采厚度，采用概率积分原理构造出采动影响下地表残余移动变形静态影响函数，包括残余下沉、残余水平移动、残余倾斜变形、残余水平变形、残余曲率变形影响函数。应用这些影响函数进行计算表明，在老采空区两侧边界出现地表残余移动变形最大值，这与老采空区边界空洞较大、活化潜能大的机制分析结论一致；采用开尔文模型，分析老采空区及覆岩的蠕变特性，构造残余下沉坐标–时间函数，实现残余下沉的动态分析；通过实际观测数据和FLAC3D数值模拟2种方式验证，表明各影响函数可较好地描述地表残余移动变形规律。

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关键词 ：采矿工程, 残余移动变形, 影响函数, 静态分析, 动态分析

Abstract：In order to evaluate the stability of the foundation of new building on top of the old goaf which was not described in the present design codes，the analysis of overburden structure is carried out. The surface residual movement is firstly defined with two deformational phases. Only the second phase of the residual movement and deformation is found to cause harmful effects on the surface building. The compaction characteristics of the caving rock from boundary to the central of the old goaf is found to be different，with the border zone of voids，the central zone of collapsible rock voids and the fissures in upper rock. The regional space of two groups of the old goaf governing the surface residual and deformation are converted into the equivalent mining thickness respectively. The influence functions of the static surface residual deformation are constructed using the integral theory of probability under the influence of mining，including the influence functions of residual subsidence，the residual horizontal movement，the residual tilt deformation，the residual horizontal deformation and the residual curvature. The results of calculation using these influence functions show that the maximum residual movement and deformation of the surface occur at two border sides of the old goaf. The creep characteristics of rock are analyzed with Kelvin model and the time function of the residual subsidence coordinates constructed for the dynamic analysis of residual subsidence. It is verified that the results from the influence functions agree well with the actual observational data and the numerical simulation with FLAC3D.

Key words： mining engineering residual movement and deformation influence function static analysis dynamic analysis

收稿日期: 2013-09-30

引用本文:

朱广轶1，2，3，徐征慧1，解陈1，郭影1，2，3. 老采空区地表残余移动变形影响函数研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2014, 33(10): 1962-1970.
ZHU Guangyi1，2，3，XU Zhenghui1，XIE Chen1，GUO Ying1，2，3. STUDY OF INFLUENCE FUNCTIONS OF SURFACE RESIDUAL MOVEMENT AND DEFORMATION ABOVE OLD GOAF. , 2014, 33(10): 1962-1970.

链接本文:

http://www.rockmech.org/CN/Y2014/V33/I10/1962

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