我国煤矿冲击地压的研究现状：机制、预警与控制

doi:10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2015.1076

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摘要从机制研究、预警技术和防治方法3个方面出发，概述我国冲击地压研究现状。从地质赋存条件与冲击地压相互作用机制、采动应力和能量场时空演化规律与致灾机制、覆岩空间结构与冲击突出触发机制等方面阐述近年来我国冲击地压机制研究的热点问题及相关成果；介绍冲击地压监测预警系统的主要技术体系，包括“震动场–应力动态”一体化监测预警系统、冲击危险预测与监测预警体系、ZOS矿用分布式微震监测系统、无线冲击地压实时监测预警系统和冲击地压电荷监测技术；探讨快速让位吸能防冲支护技术、新型恒阻大变形锚杆(索)支护技术、基于应力控制的冲击地压区域防范技术体系对冲击地压的防治作用及其在大同、义马等矿区的应用情况。

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关键词 ：采矿工程, 冲击地压, 机制, 监测预警, 防治

Abstract：An overview of the investigations on coal bumps in China is presented from three aspects：mechanism，forecast and control. The key issues and the corresponding scientific achievements of investigations on coal bumps in recent years are reported. These issues involve the geological conditions related to coal bumps and the quantitative analysis method，the time-space distribution of mining-induced stress and energy in mining disturbed region，and the spatial structures of overlying strata and its mechanism of coal bump triggering. Several technical systems of monitoring and warning for coal bumps are introduced. These systems involve the integrated monitoring system of stress and seismic fields，the monitoring and detecting system of coal bumps，the ZOS distributed micro-seismic monitoring system，the wireless monitoring system of coal bumps and the electrical charge monitoring technique. Finally，some new techniques for controlling coal bumps and related application in mining groups of Datong and Yima are discussed. The control methods include the energy-absorption and anti-scour support，the anchor bolt with constant resistance and large deformation，and the regional prevention technical system based on stress control.

Key words： mining engineering coal bumps mechanism monitoring and forecast control

引用本文:

姜耀东1，2，赵毅鑫1，3. 我国煤矿冲击地压的研究现状：机制、预警与控制[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2015, 34(11): 2188-2204.
JIANG Yaodong1，2，ZHAO Yixin1，3. STATE OF THE ART：INVESTIGATION ON MECHANISM，FORECAST AND CONTROL OF COAL BUMPS IN CHINA. , 2015, 34(11): 2188-2204.

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http://www.rockmech.org/CN/10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2015.1076 或 http://www.rockmech.org/CN/Y2015/V34/I11/2188

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