高应力下硬岩卸荷破裂：白鹤滩水电站地下厂房玄武岩开裂观测实例分析

doi:DOI：10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2016.1112

摘要
图/表
参考文献
相关文章 (15)

全文: PDF (2509 KB) HTML (1 KB)
输出: BibTeX | EndNote (RIS)

摘要依托我国目前在建最大的白鹤滩水电站地下厂房面临的高应力诱发围岩破坏问题，通过现场围岩破坏统计调查和岩体钻孔摄像连续观测，全面揭示洞室开挖强卸荷下玄武岩内部破裂的演化全过程。厂房洞室现场围岩表层开裂破坏调查表明：玄武岩卸荷片帮破裂不仅可发生在完整岩体表面，还可发生在含一、二组非充分发育节理的岩体表面，失稳表现形式为片状与板状剥落。进一步的破裂岩片表面细观三维光学扫描和微观电镜扫描分析显示其表面较为粗糙(JRC一般大于8)，晶体撕裂无擦痕，揭示了玄武岩片帮的张拉破坏机制。厂房洞室围岩的钻孔摄像连续观察揭示：玄武岩卸荷开裂具有空间非连续性、最大开裂深度逐步增长、裂隙宽度时效增大或减小、锚杆和锚索支护对开裂抑制作用明显等特征。且现场观测还发现，围岩表面的破坏与内部的时效开裂具有协调性，即围岩的开挖损伤区范围内岩体是逐步开裂，当围岩开裂随着时间发展到一定深度且裂缝随时间发展到一定宽度，围岩表层剥落、片帮等破坏行为随即出现。对白鹤滩玄武岩卸荷开裂的观测研究不仅直观揭示了一种高应力下硬岩卸荷破坏的表现形式，还表明监测岩体时效开裂发展过程对于深部硬岩的工程灾害预警和支护优化具有十分重要的意义。

	服务

	把本文推荐给朋友
	加入我的书架
	加入引用管理器
	E-mail Alert
	RSS
	作者相关文章
	江权1
	樊义林2
	冯夏庭1
	李毅2
	裴书锋1
	刘国锋1

关键词 ：岩石力学, 高应力, 卸荷开挖, 地下厂房, 岩体破裂, 钻孔摄像, 时效开裂

Abstract：The spalling of hard basalt is one of the serious geotechnical problems in the underground powerhouse of the Baihetan hydropower station. The paper presented the general inner cracking process captured by the digital borehole camera and the detailed in-situ failure proofs during the unloading excavation. These study showed that the spalling，with the sheet and plate shape，happened not only to the intact basalt，but to the basalt with a few joints. Further optical scanning and scanning electron microscope observations indicated that the break surface of the spalling rock was rough and belong to the tensional failure mode. The field digital borehole camera observation in the underground powerhouse indicated that the basalt spalling had the characteristics of spatial discontinuous distribution，time-dependent increase of cracking depth，increase and decrease of crack?s width，obvious restraining effect of rock bolt and anchor cable. What?s more，the case study also indicated that the inner crack and surface failure of basalt related to each other，namely，the surface failure happened when the inner cracks developed sufficiently. These knowledge about the basalt spalling provided us not only the visual picture of basalt's break，but also a guide for disaster warning and supporting optimization in the deep rock engineering.

Key words： rock mechanics high geo-stress unloading excavation underground powerhouse rock break digital borehole camera time dependent cracking

引用本文:

江权1，樊义林2，冯夏庭1，李毅2，裴书锋1，刘国锋1. 高应力下硬岩卸荷破裂：白鹤滩水电站地下厂房玄武岩开裂观测实例分析[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2017, 36(5): 1076-1087.
JIANG Quan1，FAN Yilin2，FENG Xiating1，LI Yi2，PEI Shufeng1，LIU Guifeng1. Unloading break of hard rock under high geo-stress condition：inner cracking observation for the basalt in the Baihetan?s underground powerhouse. , 2017, 36(5): 1076-1087.

链接本文:

http://www.rockmech.org/CN/DOI：10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2016.1112 或 http://www.rockmech.org/CN/Y2017/V36/I5/1076

[35]	HATZOR Y H，ZUR A，MIMRAN Y. Microstructure effects on microcracking and brittle failure of dolomites[J]. Tectonophysics 1997，281：141-161.
[14]	BRADY H G，BROWN E T. Rock mechanics for underground mining[M]. [S. l.]：Springer eBooks，2006：308.
[2]	谢和平，高峰，鞠杨. 深部岩体力学研究与探索[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2015，34(11)：2 161-2 178.(XIE Heping，GAO Feng，JU Yang. Research and development of rock mechanics in deep ground engineering[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2015，34(11)：2 161-2 178.(in Chinese))
[4]	王旺盛，陈长生，吴晓华. 某深埋特长隧洞线路比选方案研究[J]. 四川地质学报，2014，34(4)：590-594.(WANG Wangsheng，CHEN Changsheng，WU Xiaohua. Comparison and selection of schemes of a deeply buried long tunnel route[J]. Acta Geologica Sichuan，2014，34(4)：590-594.(in Chinese))
[7]	卿三惠，黄润秋，杨英，等. 滇藏铁路重大工程地质问题及线路走向研究[J]. 铁道工程学报，2007，109(10)：6-11.(QING Sanhui，HUANG Runqiu，YANG Ying，et al. Research on the major engineering geological problems and route strike scheme of Yunnan- Tibet railway[J]. Journal of Railway Engineering Society，2007，109(10)：6-11.(in Chinese))
[8]	何满潮，谢和平，彭苏萍，等. 深部开采岩体力学研究[J].. 岩石力学与工程学报，2005，24(16)：2 803-2 813.(HE Manchao，XIE Heping，PENG Suping，et al. Study on rock mechanics in deep mining engineering[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2005，24(16)：2 803-2 813.(in Chinese))
[10]	王思敬. 论岩石的地址本质性及其岩石力学演绎[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2009，28(3)：433-450.(WANG Sijing. Geological nature of rock and its deduction for rock mechanics[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2009，28(3)：433-450.(in Chinese))
[12]	李建林，王乐华. 节理岩体卸荷非线性力学特性研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2007，26(10)：1 968-1 975.(LI Jianlin，WANG Lehua. Study on unloading nonlinear mechanical characteristics of jointed rock mass[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2007，26(10)：1 968-1 975.(in Chinese))
[16]	李地元，李夕兵. 高应力硬岩板裂破坏的研究现状与展[J]. 矿业研究与开发，31(5)：82-86.(LI Diyuan，LI Xibing. Advance and prospect of researches on spalling failure of highly-stressed hard rock[J]. Mining Research and Development，31(5)：82-86.(in Chinese))
[1]	于跟波，杨鹏，陈赞成，等. 狮子山铜矿深部开采三维地应力实测及应力场分布研究[J]. 有色金属，2013，64(4)：48-52.(YU Genbo，YANG Peng，CHEN Zancheng，et al. Study on 3D in-situ stress measurement and distribution of stress fields in deep mining of Shizishan Copper Mine[J]. Nonferrous Metals，2013，64(4)：48-52.(in Chinese))
[3]	冯夏庭，陈炳瑞，明华军，等. 深埋隧洞岩爆孕育规律与机制：即时型岩爆[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2012，31(3)：433-444.(FENG Xiating，CHEN Bingrui，MING Huajun，et al. Evolution law and mechanism of rockbursts in deep tunnels：immediate rockburst[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2012，31(3)：433-444.(in Chinese))
[9]	中华人民共和国国务院. 国家中长期科学和技术发展规划纲要[R]. 北京：新华社，2006.(State Council of the People's Republic of China. The national program for long-and medium-term scientific and technological development[R]. Beijing：Xinhua News Agency，2006.(in Chinese))
[13]	冯夏庭，陈炳瑞，张传庆，等. 岩爆孕育过程的机制、预警与动态调控[M]. 北京：科学出版社，2013：8-12.(FENG Xiating，CHEN Bingrui，ZHANG Chuangqing，et al. Mechanism，warning and dynamic control of rockburst development processes[M]. Beijing：Science Press，2013：8-12.(in Chinese))
[15]	SHAO J F，CHAUC K T，FENG X T. Modeling of anisotropic damage and creep deformation in brittle rocks[J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences，2006，43(4)：582-592.
[21]	卢波，王继敏，丁秀丽，等. 锦屏一级水电站地下厂房围岩开裂变形机制研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2010，29(12)：2 429- 2 431.(LU Bo，WANG Jimin，DING Xiuli，et al. Study of deformation and cracking mechanism of surrounding rock of Jinping I underground powerhouse[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2010，29(12)：2 429-2 431.(in Chinese))
[25]	中国电建华东勘测设计研究院. 金沙江白鹤滩水电站地下厂房顶拱一层及后续边墙开挖支护咨询材料[R]. 杭州：中国电建华东勘测设计研究院，2003.(PowerChina Huadong Engineering Corporation Limited. Consulting report on excavation and supporting for the roofin first-layer and subsequent sidewall of underground powerhouse cavern in Baihetan hydropower station located on Jinsha river[R]. Hangzhou：PowerChina Huadong Engineering Corporation Limited，2003.(in Chinese))
[27]	CAI M，KAISER P K. In-situ rock spalling strength near excavation boundaries[J]. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering，2014，47(2)：659-675.
[33]	BARTON N，CHOUBEY V. The shear strength of rock joints in theory and practice[J]. Rock Mechanics，1977，10：1-54.
[5]	刘培硕. 秦岭终南山特长公路隧道设计特点[J]. 隧道建设，2007，27(5)：41-43.(LIU Peishuo. Design features of Zhongnanshan extra-long highway tunnel crossing Qinling mountain[J]. Tunnel Construction，2007，27(5)：41-43.(in Chinese))
[17]	周辉，卢景景，徐荣超，等. 深埋硬岩隧洞围岩板裂化破坏研究的关键问题及研究进展[J]. 岩土力学，2015，36(10)：2 737- 2 749.(ZHOU Hui，LU Jingjing，XU Rongchao，et al. Critical problems of study of slabbing failure of surrounding rock in deep hard rock tunnel and research progress[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics，2015，36(10)：2 737-2 749.(in Chinese))
[19]	李仲奎，周钟，汤雪峰，等. 锦屏一级水电站地下厂房洞室群稳定性分析与思考[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2009，28(11)：2 167-2 175. (LI Zhongkui，ZHOU Zhong，TANG Xuefeng，et al. Stability analysis and considerations of underground powerhouse caverns group of Jinping I hydropwer station[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2009，28(11)：2 167-2 175.(in Chinese))
[22]	黄润秋，黄达，段绍辉，等. 锦屏I级水电站地下厂房施工期围岩变形开裂特征及地质力学机制研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2011，30(1)：23-35.(HUANG Runqiu，HUANG Da，DUAN Shaohui，et al. Geomechanics mechanism and characteristics of surrounding rock mass deformation failure in construction phase for underground powerhouse of Jinping I hydropower station[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2011，30(1)：23-35.(in Chinese))
[24]	明华军，冯夏庭，张传庆，等. 基于微震信息的硬岩新生破裂面方位特征矩张量分析[J]. 岩土力学，2013，34(6)：1 716-1 722. (MING Huajun，FENG Xiating，ZHANG Chuangqing，et al. Moment tensor analysis of attitude characterization of hard rock newborn fracture surface based on microseismic informations[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics，2013，34(6)：1 716-1 722.(in Chinese))
[26]	陈文华，马鹏，彭书生，等. 金沙江白鹤滩水电站工程地应力测试研究分析专题报告[R]. 杭州：杭州华东工程检测技术有限公司，2009.(CHEN Wenhua，MA Peng，PENG Shusheng，et al. In-situ stress test research analysis special report of Baihetan hydropower station located on Jinsha river[R]. Hangzhou：Hangzhou Huadong Engineering Testing Technology Corporation Limited，2009.(in Chinese))
[28]	DIEDERICHS M S，KAISER P K，MARTIN C D. The use of discrete element simulation to illuminate brittle rock failure process[C]// Proceedings of the 53rd Canadian Geotechnical Conference. Montreal. Canada：[s. n.]，2000：447-454.
[29]	江权，冯夏庭，徐鼎平，等. 基于围岩片帮形迹的宏观地应力估计方法探讨[J]. 岩土力学，2011，32(5)：1 452-1 459.(JIANG Quan，FENG Xiating，XU Dingping，et al. Evaluation method of general geostress based on spalling features of wall rock[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics，2011，32(5)：1 452-1 459.(in Chinese))
[31]	肖明. 地下洞室施工开挖三维动态过程数值模拟分析[J]. 岩土工程学报，2000，22(4)：422-426.(XIAO Ming. Three-dimensional numerical model of construction process for underground opening[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering，2000，22(4)：422-426.(in Chinese))
[34]	江权，冯夏庭，向天兵，等. 大型洞室群稳定性分析与智能动态优化设计的数值仿真研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2011，30(3)：481-496.(JIANG Quan，FENG Xiating，XIANG Tianbing，et al. Numerical simulation method for stability analysis and intelligent and dynamic optimization design of large cavern group[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2011，30(3)：481-496.(in Chinese))
[36]	DERK H. 断口形貌学[M]. 李晓刚，董超芳，杜翠薇，等译. 北京：科学出版社，2009：129-152.(DERK H. Fractography observing measuring and interpreting fracture surface topography[M]. Translated by LI Xiaogong，DONG Chaofang，DOU Cuiwei，et al. Beijing：Science Press，2009：129-152..(in Chinese))
[6]	铁道第二勘察设计院. 滇藏线预可行性研究报告[R]. 成都：铁道第二勘察设计院，1998.(The Second Survey and Design Institute of China Railway. Preliminary feasibility study report of Yunnan-Tibet line[R]. Chengdu：The Second Survey and Design Institute of China Railway，1998.(in Chinese))
[11]	钱七虎，周小平. 岩体非协调变形对围岩中的应力和破坏的影响[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2013，32(4)：649-656.(QIAN Qihu，ZHOU Xiaoping. Effects of incompatible deformation on failure mode and stress field of surrounding rock mass[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2013，32(4)：649-656.(in Chinese))
[18]	苏国韶，石焱炯，冯夏庭，等. 岩爆过程的声音信号特征研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，35(6)：1 190-1 201.(SU Guoshao，SHI Yanjiong，FENG Xiating，et al. Acoustic signal characteristics in rockburst process[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，35(6)：1 190-1 201.(in Chinese))
[23]	戴峰，李彪，徐奴文，等. 猴子岩水电站深埋地下厂房开挖损伤区特征分析[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2015，34(4)：735-744.(DAI Feng，LI Biao，XU Nuwen，et al. Characteristics of damaged zones due to excavation in deep underground powerhouse at Houziyan hydropower station[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2015，34(4)：735-744.(in Chinese))
[30]	JIANG Q，SU G S，FENG X T，et al. Observation of rock fragment ejection in post-failure response[J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences，2015，74：30-37.
[37]	刘国峰，冯夏庭，江权，等. 白鹤滩大型地下厂房开挖围岩片帮破坏特征、规律及机制研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2016，35(5)：865-878.(LIU Guofeng，FENG Xiating，JIANG Quan，et al. Failure characteristics，laws and mechanisms of rock spalling in excavation of large-scale underground powerhouse caverns in Baihetan[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2016，35(5)：865-878.(in Chinese))
[20]	魏进兵，邓建辉，王俤剀，等. 锦屏一级水电站地下厂房围岩变形与破坏特征分析[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2010，29(6)：1 198- 1 205.(WEI Jingbing，DENG Jianhui，WANG Dikai，et al. Characterization of deformation and fracture for rock mass in underground powerhouse of Jinping hydropower station[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2010，29(6)：1 198-1 205.(in Chinese))
[32]	朱维申，李术才，陈卫忠，等. 清江水布垭工程地下厂房围岩锚固方案优化研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2003，22(增1)：2 127-2 131.(ZHU Weisheng，LI Shucai，CHEN Weizhong，et al. Optimazation of reinforcing scheme for underground power house of Shuibuya project on Qinjiang River[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2003，22(Supp.1)：2 127-2 131.(in Chinese))