(1. Department of Geotechnical Engineering，Tongji University，Shanghai 200092，China；2. Key Laboratory of Geotechnical and Underground Engineering of Ministry of Education，Tongji University，Shanghai 200092，China；3. College of Civil Engineering，Shaoxing University，Shaoxing，Zhejiang 312000，China)
Abstract：The freezing process of rock surrounding tunnels in cold regions is uni-directional along the radius，which is different from the uniform freezing in normal frost heave experiments of rock. A series of freezing experiments on saturated sandstone under uniform freezing and uni-directional freezing conditions were thus conducted in a closed system respectively. The test results show that the frost heave of saturated sandstone is uniform in different directions under uniform freezing condition，and that the variation process can be divided into three stages：a thermal contraction stage，a frost heave stage and a stable stage. However，under uni-directional freezing condition，the frost heave parallel to the freezing direction is much larger than that perpendicular to the freezing condition. Moreover，the variation process of the frost heave perpendicular to the freezing direction can still be divided into three stages as above. However，in the variation process of the frost heave parallel to the freezing direction，four stages are observed：a thermal contraction stage，a frost heave stage，a frost heave declining stage and a stable stage. The non-uniform frost heaving coefficient is in the range of 2.20 to 2.71 when the temperature gradient is in the range of 0.7 to 2.2 ℃/cm and the non-uniform frost heaving coefficient has the linear relationship with the temperature gradient. The greater the temperature gradient is，the greater the non-uniform frost heaving coefficient is.
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2018, Vol. 37 
