红砂岩卸载破坏强度特征试验研究

doi:10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2017.1368

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摘要开挖卸载是地下岩石工程中常见的应力路径。具有较高初始应力的岩体在卸载应力路径下表现出与加载时不同的力学行为，往往导致大变形、岩爆等工程灾害。为揭示卸载条件对脆性硬岩破坏的影响规律，采用红砂岩立方体试件开展加、卸载试验，测定红砂岩在加载和不同卸载条件下的强度特征。试验表明：卸载完成后试样经过一段数秒的滞后期，先在靠近卸载自由面处发生板裂，之后整体破坏丧失承载力。在快速卸载条件下，红砂岩的破坏强度均比加载强度有不同程度的降低，下降幅度为8.4%～27.2%；初始侧向应力越大，卸载破坏强度下降幅度越大，初始侧向应力相同时，双面同时卸载工况较单面卸载工况的强度降幅更大。依据试验数据分析卸载破坏应力路径与加载破坏包络面的关系，并建立动力学模型分析卸载破坏的主要影响因素。试验揭示的卸载效应对岩石强度的不利影响，对于合理确定开挖卸载条件下的岩石强度参数具有重要参考意义。

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	范鹏贤1
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	李颖1
	赵跃堂1
	王明洋1
	王德荣1
	施烨辉2

关键词 ：岩石力学, 红砂岩, 卸载效应, 强度特征, 真三轴试验

Abstract：Excavation is routine operation in underground rock engineering. The unloading behavior of high stress rock differs from the rock under the loading conditions and results in engineering disasters such as large deformation or rockburst. In order to reveal the unloading effect，triaxial tests are conducted and the strengths of cubic red sandstone samples under loading/unloading conditions are measured. According to the tests，the samples firstly split in the adjacent area of unloading surface several seconds after the unloading，and then lose the bearing capacity as a whole. The test results indicate that under the rapid unloading condition，the unloading strength is 8.4% to 27.2% lower than the loading strength. The higher the confining stress is，the bigger the strength declines. When the confining stress is the same，the strength under double-direction unloading condition is lower than that of under one-direction unloading condition. A dynamic damping vibration model is established and the influence factors of unloading failure are discussed. The negative unloading effect of the rock strength revealed by the tests is of great importance for evaluating the rock parameters under unloading conditions reasonably.

Key words： rock mechanics red sandstone unloading effect strength characteristic true-axial test

引用本文:

范鹏贤1，2，李颖1，赵跃堂1，王明洋1，王德荣1，施烨辉2. 红砂岩卸载破坏强度特征试验研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2018, 37(4): 852-861.
FAN Pengxian1，2，LI Ying1，ZHAO Yuetang1，WANG Mingyang1，WANG Derong1，SHI Yehui2. Experimental study on unloading failure strength of red sandstone. , 2018, 37(4): 852-861.

链接本文:

http://www.rockmech.org/CN/10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2017.1368 或 http://www.rockmech.org/CN/Y2018/V37/I4/852

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