煤层深孔聚能爆破控制孔作用机制研究

doi:10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2017.1038

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摘要为研究聚能爆破载荷下控制孔对煤体裂隙扩展规律的影响，通过理论分析与数值模拟，探讨控制孔对爆炸应力波传播特性、爆生主裂隙扩展规律、煤体单元的应力状态及其位移特征的影响。结果表明，聚能爆破过程中压缩应力波在控制孔处的反射迭加作用显著改变了孔壁周围和爆生主裂隙尖端的应力场，主导了爆生主裂隙的定向扩展和孔壁周围环向裂隙的形成；控制孔提供的位移补偿空间及孔壁的曲面特性增强了孔壁及周围煤质点的切向拉伸应力，促进了孔壁周围径向裂隙的发育与扩展；控制孔促使爆生主裂隙定向扩展与控制孔孔壁周围的径向裂隙和环向裂隙相互交织成一个庞大裂隙网。同时，开展煤层深孔聚能爆破现场试验，研究了有、无控制孔对煤层增透效果的影响，试验结果表明，控制孔能够大幅度提高煤层聚能爆破增透效果，前、后期试验有控制孔一侧钻孔内平均瓦斯体积分数增幅分别是无控制孔一侧钻孔内平均瓦斯体积分数增幅的1.78和2.48倍。

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	郭德勇1
	赵杰超1
	张超1
	朱同功2

关键词 ：爆破工程, 聚能爆破, 控制孔, 裂隙扩展, 瓦斯抽采

Abstract：This paper is concerned with the effect of control hole on the crack initiation and propagation under the cumulative blasting in coal seam. The propagation characteristics of explosive stress wave，the expansion characteristics of the main coal seam cracks caused by explosion，and the stress state and displacement characteristics of coal seam in the area around the control hole were investigated theoretically and numerically. The results demonstrated that the superposition of the incident compressive stress wave and the reflected tensile stress wave changed the stress field around the control hole and the main crack tip significantly and caused the directional expansion of main cracks and the formation of annular cracks around the control hole. In addition，the displacement compensation space provided by the control hole and the surface properties of the hole wall enhanced the tangential tensile stress between the coal particles on and around the control hole wall，which promoted the development and expansion of the radial cracks around the control hole. Furthermore，during the process of cumulative blasting and breaking，the combination of main cracks created by the explosion，the radial cracks and circumferential cracks around the control hole constitutes a large-scale fracture network under the effect of control hole. Besides，the deep-hole cumulative blasting tests were carried out to study the influence of presence and absence of control hole in coal seam on the degree of permeability increasing. The test results showed that the presence of control hole in coal seam under cumulative blasting improved significantly the permeability of coal seams. The increasing of the mean concentration of extracted gas in the area influenced by the control hole after blasting in the tests carried out in two different time periods are 1.78 and 2.48 times respectively that in the area without influenced by control hole.

Key words： blasting engineering cumulative blasting control hole crack propagation gas drainage

引用本文:

郭德勇1，赵杰超1，张超1，朱同功2. 煤层深孔聚能爆破控制孔作用机制研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2018, 37(4): 919-930.
GUO Deyong1，ZHAO Jiechao1，ZHANG Chao1，ZHU Tonggong2. Mechanism of control hole on coal crack initiation and propagation under deep-hole cumulative blasting in coal seam. , 2018, 37(4): 919-930.

链接本文:

http://www.rockmech.org/CN/10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2017.1038 或 http://www.rockmech.org/CN/Y2018/V37/I4/919

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