含水率对泥质粉砂岩物理力学性质影响的规律与机制

doi:10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2017.1037

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摘要含泥质类软岩遇水后强度会发生显著弱化，严重影响各类工程的安全。对泥质粉砂岩进行室内吸水、脱水全过程试验，并测定其在脱水过程中不同饱和度下的物理(尺寸、纵波波速)、力学性质(单轴压缩、抗拉强度)。试验结果表明：(1) 脱水过程中岩样收缩具有明显的阶段性，饱和度由55%降至40%的过程中其尺寸的减小速率最快；(2) 脱水过程中岩样纵波波速呈现先降低后升高的趋势，在饱和度65%左右达到极小值；(3) 随着饱和度的增加，岩样强度和弹性模量均呈降低趋势，且超过60%的强度损失(抗压强度损失68.2%、抗拉强度损失62.6%)发生在低饱和度的状态下(40%以下)；(4) 抗拉强度相较于抗压强度对水的软化效应更为敏感。综合分析上述结果，对岩石吸水和脱水的微(细)观过程进行描述。继而提出孔隙水对泥质粉砂岩的微(细)观软化机制，并将其分为两类：荷载依赖性机制——主要包括孔隙水压力变化、孔隙水的流动、结合水膜的润滑、Rhebinder效应等软化机制；非荷载依赖性机制——主要包括以黏土矿物水化为基础的软化机制，以及以可溶性矿物的溶蚀为基础的软化机制。最后，对不同含水状态下岩石软化的主导机制进行探讨。

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	贾海梁1
	王婷2
	项伟3
	谭龙3
	申艳军1
	杨更社1

关键词 ：岩石力学, 泥质粉砂岩, 饱和度, 强度软化, 宏观变化特征, 微(细)观机制

Abstract：The strength of clay-bearing siltstone is strongly susceptible to the moisture and the moisture-induced decay of strength endangers seriously the safety of engineering constructions. The results of experiments on the full process saturation and dehydration of argillaceous siltstones were presented. During the dehydration stage，the sizes of rock samples and their P-wave velocities were monitored. The mechanical properties of the samples，especially the compressive and tensile strengths，were discussed at designated degrees of saturation. The results indicate that the shrinkage of rock samples has clearly four stages during the dehydration and that the maximum rate of size reduction lies in the range of degree of saturation 55%–40%. The P-wave velocities of rock samples decrease firstly and increase subsequently，and reach the minimum at the degree of saturation of 65% . With the increasing of the degree of saturation，both the strength and elastic moduli of rock samples drop. Over 60% of the strength loss(68.2% of compressive strength loss and 62.6% of tensile strength loss) occurs in the low saturation interval(below 40%). The tensile strength is more susceptible to the softening effect of water than the compressive strength. The microscopic mechanisms of the softening effect of pore water on argillaceous siltstone may be divided into two categories：one is the load-dependent mechanisms including the change of pore water pressure，flow of pore water，lubricating effect of bound water film and the Rhebinder effect；the other is the load-independent mechanisms including clay mineral hydration and dissolution of soluble minerals. Finally，the dominant mechanism of rock softening under different saturations is discussed.

Key words： rock mechanics argillaceous siltstone saturation degree strength softening macroscopic changing characteristics micro(meso)-scopic mechanisms

引用本文:

贾海梁1，王婷2，项伟3，谭龙3，申艳军1，杨更社1. 含水率对泥质粉砂岩物理力学性质影响的规律与机制[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2018, 37(7): 1618-1628.
JIA Hailiang1，WANG Ting2，XIANG Wei3，TAN Long3，SHEN Yanjun1，YANG Gengshe1. Influence of water content on the physical and mechanical behaviour of argillaceous siltstone and some microscopic explanations. , 2018, 37(7): 1618-1628.

链接本文:

http://www.rockmech.org/CN/10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2017.1037 或 http://www.rockmech.org/CN/Y2018/V37/I7/1618

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