垂直孔爆破诱发地震波的成分构成及演化规律

doi:10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2018.0824

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摘要明确爆破振动中波的成分构成及不同波的作用有助于更好地预测与控制爆破振动。针对一组垂直单孔爆破试验，借助地震学中极化偏振分析的方法，研究垂直孔爆破诱发地震波的成分构成及其演化规律，最后基于试验结果，提出波影响作用分区的概念，并分析各区域主导波的类型。结果表明，爆破振动中各种波的相对量值并非定值，主导波的类型会随波成分的演化发生改变，且某点的优势振动方向也与波的成分构成密切相关。对于垂直孔爆破，P波在近、远区均为重要成分，且其主要作用于水平向的振动；S波仅为近区(r＜2.3h，r为到炮孔轴线的距离，h为药包的埋深)的主导波，其在远区的作用可忽略；R波逐渐成长发育，于r = 5h处发育明显，且在r = (43～45)h后主导竖直向的振动。爆破振动中波成分的演化有其自身特性，地震学中的常规认识并非全适用于爆破振动。

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关键词 ：爆破振动, 垂直孔爆破, 爆破地震波, 成分构成, 演化规律

Abstract：To make clear the wave components in the blast vibration and their influences is of great significance to the control of the blast vibration. Aided by the approach of the polarization analysis in seismology，the components and evolution laws of seismic waves induced by the vertical-hole blasting were investigated based on single-hole blasting experiments. The concept of the partition of the wave influence area was put forward，and the dominant wave type at different areas was investigated. Results indicate that the proportion of different wave components is not a constant，that the dominant wave type changes with the evolution of wave components and that the dominant vibration direction closely correlates to the wave components. For the vertical-hole blasting，the P-wave is a significant component both in the near and far fields and mainly contributes to the horizontal vibration. The S-wave only dominates the vibration within r = 2.3h(r is the distance to the blast-hole axis and h is the buried depth of the explosive)，and its effect in the far field can be negligible. The R-wave grows gradually with increasing r and develops to be identifiable at r = 5h. While r exceeds (43–45)h，the R-wave dominates the vertical vibration. The evolution of seismic waves induced by blasting has its own characteristics and the common sense in the earthquake is not always applicable to the blast vibration.

Key words： blasting vibration vertical-hole blasting blast-induced seismic waves components evolution laws

引用本文:

高启栋1，2，卢文波1，2，杨招伟1，2，陈明1，2，严鹏1，2. 垂直孔爆破诱发地震波的成分构成及演化规律[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2019, 38(1): 18-27.
GAO Qidong1，2，LU Wenbo1，2，YANG Zhaowei1，2，CHEN Ming1，2，YAN Peng1，2. Components and evolution laws of seismic waves induced by vertical-hole blasting. , 2019, 38(1): 18-27.

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http://www.rockmech.org/CN/10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2018.0824 或 http://www.rockmech.org/CN/Y2019/V38/I1/18

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