岩石巷道“多阶段”掏槽技术及应用研究

doi:10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2018.0460

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摘要岩巷掘进速度的关键在掏槽，针对现阶段直眼和楔形掏槽技术的特点，克服深孔掏槽爆破效果差的难题，研发多阶段掏槽技术，以二阶二段为对象进行成腔理论分析，二阶二段掏槽将传统掏槽一次爆破变换为一深一浅两次爆破，改变了掏槽区炸药能量释放的顺序，二阶掏槽夹制力变小，同时中心孔的预裂作用有利于提高二阶掏槽孔的爆破效果；通过模型分析得到掏槽成腔阻力和动力公式，确定槽腔形成应该满足的条件，并从掏槽成腔克服腔壁摩擦阻力和抗拉阻力角度，分析得到一阶掏槽和中心孔先爆破更有利于爆破成腔；建立一阶和二阶掏槽的体积关系公式，确定二阶二段掏槽参数确定公式，提出不同岩性条件下掏槽参数的取值范围，为确定掏槽参数提供参考。工程实践表明，二阶二段掏槽在爆破进尺、炮孔利用率等参数方面明显优于普通的楔形掏槽技术，具有良好的适用性。

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	张召冉1
	杨仁树2

关键词 ：岩石力学, 岩石巷道, 爆破, 二阶二段, 掏槽技术

Abstract：Cutting blasting is the key to the driving speed of the rock roadway. According to the characteristics of straight-hole and wedge shaped cutting technology，a multi-step cutting technology was developed to overcome the problem of poor blasting effect of the deep hole cutting. Taking the two-step cutting as an object，analysis of cavity theory was carried out. The result shows that two-step cutting changes the cutting blasting into one deep and one shallow cutting，which changes the order of the energy release of the explosive in the cutting area. The clamping force of the second cut blasting becomes smaller，at the same time，the pre-cracking effect of the central hole is beneficial to improve the blasting effect of the second cut hole. The cavity resistance and dynamic formula were obtained through model analysis. Based on the determination of the condition that the cavity formation should be satisfied，it was analyzed that the first cutting and the first blasting of the central hole are more favorable for blasting cavity from the point of overcoming the frictional resistance and the tensile resistance of the cavity wall during cutting. The volume relationship formulas of the first and second cuttings were established，and the formula for determining two-step cutting parameters was proposed. The ranges of the cutting parameters under different lithology conditions were determined，which provides a reference for determining the parameters of the cut blast hole. The practice shows that two-step cutting is obviously better than the ordinary wedge cutting technology in the technical parameters such as the blasting footage and the utilization of blast hole，and has good applicability.

Key words： rock mechanics rock roadway blasting two-step cutting technology

引用本文:

张召冉1，杨仁树2. 岩石巷道“多阶段”掏槽技术及应用研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2019, 38(3): 551-559.
ZHANG Zhaoran1，YANG Renshu2. Multi-step cutting technology and its application in rock roadways. , 2019, 38(3): 551-559.

链接本文:

http://www.rockmech.org/CN/10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2018.0460 或 http://www.rockmech.org/CN/Y2019/V38/I3/551

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