深部硬岩矿山岩爆的动静组合加载力学机制与动力判据

doi:10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2018.1496

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摘要深部开采是硬岩矿山未来发展的必由之路。深部开采中经常遭遇的岩爆灾害是硬岩矿山未来发展过程中必须要解决的关键科学问题之一。针对岩爆机制这一世界性科学难题，从深部围岩储能特性、高应力赋存环境和开采受力全路径进行科学分析，发现其本质上属于硬岩介质承受“静应力+动力扰动”的动静组合加载力学问题。根据这一思路，在广泛收集国内外典型岩爆案例的基础上，分析了孕育岩爆的“完整弹脆性岩体+高地应力+动力扰动”等必要条件，进一步阐述了深部硬岩矿山岩爆的动静组合力学机制和最近的研究进展。具体研究中，利用硬岩材料，一方面从“静应力+卸载扰动”和“静应力+加载扰动”这2个方面研究了岩爆的力学机制，另一方面在考虑深部工程开挖空间结构效应的基础上，从“静应力+应力调整”和“静应力+动力扰动”这2个方面考察了深部圆形洞室洞壁围岩发生应变型岩爆的破坏特性，分别阐明了不同类型的动静组合加载力学机制。在此基础上，提出了基于动静能量指数的岩爆动力判据和控制思路，岩爆发生的静力和动力组合作用加载的深入研究，为岩爆机制探索提供了新思路和新方法。

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	李夕兵1
	2
	宫凤强1
	2
	王少锋1
	2
	李地元1
	2
	陶明1
	2
	周健1
	2
	黄麟淇1
	2
	马春德1
	杜坤1
	冯帆1
	2

关键词 ：采矿工程, 深部开采, 硬岩, 岩爆, 金属矿山, 动静组合, 高应力, 动力扰动

Abstract：Deep mining is an inevitable way for the future development of hard rock mines. Rockburst disaster in deep mining is one of the key scientific problems that must be solved in the future development of hard rock mines. Since clearly interpreting the rockburst mechanism is being a worldwide scientific difficulty，it is necessary to conduct accurate and reliable analyses of the energy storage ability of deep surrounding rock，the high stress environment and the whole path of excavation stress state. It was fonud that rockburst essentially belongs to the coupled static-dynamic loading problem of hard rock medium subjected to "static stress + dynamic disturbance". According to this idea and on the basis of extensive collection of typical rockburst cases all over the world，some necessary conditions for rockburst，i.e. intact elastic-brittle rock mass，high geostress and dynamic disturbance，were analyzed，and the coupled static-dynamic loading mechanical mechanism of rockburst and its recent research progress were systematically summarized. Especially，by using hard rock material，the mechanical mechanism of rockburst was studied from two aspects of "static stress + unloading disturbance" and "static stress + loading disturbance" on one hand，and on the other hand，considering the spatial structure effect of deep excavation，the failure characteristics of strain rockburst in surrounding rock of deep circular cavern wall were investigated from two aspects of "static stress + stress adjustment" and "static stress + dynamic disturbance". The different types of coupled static-dynamic loading mechanism of rockburst were further clarified. In addition，a dynamic criterion referring to dynamic-static energy indices for rockburst occurrence and the methods for controlling rockburst occurrence in deep hard rock mining were proposed. The combined effects of coupled static and dynamic loading/unloading for inducing rockburst can provide a new idea and method for explaining rockburst mechanism.

Key words： mining engineering deep mining hard rock rockburst metal mine coupled static and dynamic loading high stress dynamic disturbance

引用本文:

李夕兵1，2，宫凤强1，2，王少锋1，2，李地元1，2，陶明1，2，周健1，2，黄麟淇1，2，马春德1，杜坤1，冯帆1，2. 深部硬岩矿山岩爆的动静组合加载力学机制与动力判据[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2019, 38(4): 708-723.
LI Xibing1，2，GONG Fengqiang1，2，WANG Shaofeng1，2，LI Diyuan1，2，TAO Ming1，2，ZHOU Jian1，2，HUANG Linqi1，2，MA Chunde1，DU Kun1，FENG Fan1，2. Coupled static-dynamic loading mechanical mechanism and dynamic#br# criterion of rockburst in deep hard rock mines#br#. , 2019, 38(4): 708-723.

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http://www.rockmech.org/CN/10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2018.1496 或 http://www.rockmech.org/CN/Y2019/V38/I4/708

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