深层页岩真三轴变排量水力压裂物理模拟研究

doi:10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2018.1542

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摘要针对深层页岩高水平应力差(水平应力差大于10 MPa)条件，为明确深层页岩复杂缝网形成规律，探究促进缝网形成的施工手段。设计脉冲升排量、阶梯升排量和恒定排量3种压裂模式，利用室内大型真三轴水力压裂物理模拟实验，并结合声发射监测和压后岩心剖切照片，分析3种不同压裂模式下水力裂缝起裂、扩展规律。实验结果表明：压裂液总泵注量一定程度能反映压后裂缝的复杂程度，压裂液累计注入量越高，形成的缝网越复杂；脉冲升排量压裂模式停注憋压阶段有利于压裂液渗入天然裂缝，从而激活天然裂缝；压裂液排量对复杂缝网的形成有较大影响，小排量有利于打开原生天然裂缝，而高排量使得水力裂缝直接穿过原生天然裂缝；页岩中天裂缝是形成复杂缝网的物质基础，打开和沟通这些天然裂隙尤为重要。通过室内物理模拟实验研究，以期为现场深层压裂施工设计提供一定参考。

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	曾义金1
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	周俊3
	4
	王海涛1
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	左罗1
	2
	蒋廷学1
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	仲冠宇1
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	郭印同3
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	常鑫3
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	王磊3
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	杨春和3
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关键词 ：岩石力学, 深层页岩, 水力压裂, 真三轴, 变排量, 物理模拟

Abstract：Aiming at the condition of high horizontal stress difference in deep shale(greater than 10 MPa)，in order to clarify the formation law of complex fracture network in deep shale layers and to explore the stimulation methods to improve the complexity of fracture network，three fracturing modes were designed including gradually increasing the pumping rate in a pulsed style，step-form increasing the pumping rate and maintaining a constant pumping rate. By means of a large hydraulic fracturing apparatus under true triaxial condition，acoustic emission monitoring system and dissection photos of samples，the crack modes and extension rules of hydraulic fractures in deep shale were analyzed. The experimental results show that to some extent the total volume of injected fracturing fluid can reflect the complexity of fractures，and the more the total volume，the more complex the fracture net. For the fracturing mode with a pulsed pumping rate，the pump-stopping period contributes to the infiltration of the fracturing fluid into natural cracks and hence to activate natural fractures. The pumping rate of the fracturing fluid has a great impact on the formation of the complex fracture network，and a small pumping rate is conducive to the opening of original natural fractures while a high pumping rate makes the hydraulic fracture directly cut cross the pre-existing natural fractures. It is very important to open the natural fractures which are the material basis for forming the complex fracture net. The experimental study can provide a reference for on-site fracturing design.

Key words： rock mechanics deep shale hydraulic fracturing true triaxial fracturing varying pumping rate physical simulation

引用本文:

曾义金1，2，3，周俊3，4，王海涛1，2，左罗1，2，蒋廷学1，2，仲冠宇1，2，郭印同3，4，常鑫3，4，王磊3，4，杨春和3，4. 深层页岩真三轴变排量水力压裂物理模拟研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2019, 38(9): 1758-1766.
ZENG Yijin1，2，3，ZHOU Jun3，4，WANG Haitao1，2，ZUO Luo1，2，JIANG Tingxue1，2，ZHONG Guanyu1，2，GUO Yintong3，4，CHANG Xin3，4，WANG Lei3，4，YANG Chunhe3，4. Research on true triaxial hydraulic fracturing in deep shale with varying pumping rates. , 2019, 38(9): 1758-1766.

链接本文:

http://www.rockmech.org/CN/10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2018.1542 或 http://www.rockmech.org/CN/Y2019/V38/I9/1758

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