张拉作用下页岩裂缝扩展演化机制研究

doi:10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2019.0270

摘要
图/表
参考文献
相关文章 (15)

全文: PDF (882 KB) HTML (1 KB)
输出: BibTeX | EndNote (RIS)

摘要为深入认识张拉作用下页岩裂缝的扩展演化机制及其层理方向效应，通过三点弯曲和巴西劈裂试验，系统研究张拉作用下不同层理方位页岩裂缝的扩展演化形态，探讨裂缝的扩展演化机制及其层理方向效应。结果表明：(1) 三点弯曲时，裂缝沿Arrester方位扩展时，会出现弱层理开裂和断裂路径偏移，易分叉、转向形成复杂的扩展形态；裂缝沿Divider方位扩展时，会出现断裂路径偏移，易剪切转向；裂缝沿层理扩展时，断裂路径为层理，较平直，无转向现象。(2) 巴西劈裂时，层理方位对裂缝的起裂点、起裂机制、扩展路径和扩展机制等影响较大；垂直或斜交层理加载时，裂缝多自加载鄂起裂，扩展路径一般呈弧形，多伴随沿层理和贯穿层理的剪切破裂，且扩展中张拉和剪切断裂此消彼长，共同控制裂缝的扩展形态；仅Short-Transverse方位裂缝自圆盘中心起裂，扩展路径为层理，无转向现象，为纯张拉裂缝。(3) 张拉裂缝沿层理扩展时，应力能促使其转向；而当张拉裂缝垂直或斜交层理扩展时，易出现分叉、转向和弱层理开裂等复杂扩展行为，形成相对较复杂的扩展形态；裂缝的复杂扩展行为与受力条件、裂缝与层理的相对方位直接相关，层理和受力条件对裂缝的扩展起主控作用。

	服务

	把本文推荐给朋友
	加入我的书架
	加入引用管理器
	E-mail Alert
	RSS
	作者相关文章
	衡帅1
	刘晓1
	李贤忠1
	张小东1
	杨春和2

关键词 ：岩石力学, 张拉作用, 裂缝扩展, 扩展机制, 层理方向效应

Abstract：In order to deeply understand the fracture propagation mechanisms and bedding directivity effect of shale under tension，three-point bending and Brazilian tests were performed on Longmaxi shale specimens in various bedding orientations with respect to the loading direction to study the fracture propagation patterns and then to explore the fracture propagation mechanisms and bedding directivity effect under tension. For three-point bending condition，It is shown that weak bedding cracks and fracture path deflects in the case of a fracture propagating in the Arrester orientation，producing a complex fracture pattern with fracture branching and deflection，that fracture path usually deflects for a fracture propagating in Divider orientation，which is resulted from shear fracture across bedding planes，and that the fracture path is the bedding plane without deflection for the case of a fracture propagating along a bedding plane. For Brazilian condition，the bedding orientation has a great impact on the initiation point，initiation mechanism，propagation path and propagation mechanism of fractures. When the compressive load is loaded in the direction normal or oblique to the bedding，the fracture is usually initiated from the loading jaws with an arc-shaped fracture path and frequently accompanied by shear fractures across or along bedding planes，and the fracture pathway is determined by tensile and shear fractures which shift during propagation. Only in the Short-Transverse configuration，fracture starts from the disc centre and extends along the bedding plane without deflection. When a tensile fracture propagates along a bedding plane，it can be deviated away from the bedding plane due to the local stress. Complex fracture behaviours such as fracture branching，deflection and weak bedding cracking easily occurs while a tensile fracture propagates in a direction normal or oblique to the bedding. These complicated propagation behaviours are directly related to the stress condition and the relative orientation between the fracture and the bedding plane，and both the bedding and stress state play a dominant role in fracture propagation of shale under tension.

Key words： rock mechanics tension fracture propagation propagation mechanism directivity effect of bedding

引用本文:

衡帅1，刘晓1，李贤忠1，张小东1，杨春和2. 张拉作用下页岩裂缝扩展演化机制研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2019, 38(10): 2031-2044.
HENG Shuai1，LIU Xiao1，LI Xianzhong1，ZHANG Xiaodong1，YANG Chunhe2. Study on the fracture propagation mechanisms of shale under tension. , 2019, 38(10): 2031-2044.

链接本文:

http://www.rockmech.org/CN/10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2019.0270 或 http://www.rockmech.org/CN/Y2019/V38/I10/2031

[1]	BRITT L K，SCHOEFFLER J. The geomechanics of a shale play：what makes a shale prospective[C]// SPE Eastern Regional Meeting. [S. l.]：Society of Petroleum Engineers，2009：23-25.
[2]	CIPOLLA C L，WARPINSKI N R，MAYERHOFER M，et al. The relationship between fracture complexity，reservoir properties，and fracture-treatment design[J]. SPE production and Operations，2010，25(4)：438-452.
[5]	DANESHY A A. Off-balance growth：a new concept in hydraulic fracturing[J]. Journal of Petroleum Technology，2003，55(4)：78-85.
[7]	CHANDLER M R，MEREDITH P G，BRANTUT N，et al. Fracture toughness anisotropy in shale[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research： Solid Earth，2016，121(3)：1 706-1 729.
[9]	LUO Y，XIE H P，REN L，et al. Linear elastic fracture mechanics characterization of an anisotropic shale[J]. Scientific Reports，2018，8(1)：1-12.
[11]	DOU F，WANG J G，ZHANG X，et al. Effect of joint parameters on fracturing behavior of shale in notched three-point-bending test based on discrete element model[J]. Engineering Fracture Mechanics，2019，205：40-56.
[12]	衡帅，杨春和，郭印同，等. 层理对页岩水力裂缝扩展的影响研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2015，34(2)：228-237.(HENG Shuai，YANG Chunhe，GUO Yintong，et al. Influence of bedding planes on hydraulic fracture propagation in shale formations[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2015，34(2)：228-237.(in Chinese))
[15]	郭海萱，郭天魁. 胜利油田罗家地区页岩储层可压性实验评价[J]. 石油实验地质，2013，35(3)：339-346.(GUO Haixuan，GUO Tiankui. Experimental evaluation of crushability of shale reservoirs in Luojia area，Shengli Oilfield[J]. Petroleum Geology and Experiment，2013，35(3)：339-346.(in Chinese))
[17]	NATH F，MOKHTARI M. Optical visualization of strain development and fracture propagation in laminated rocks[J]. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering，2018，167：354-365.
[3]	FIGUEIREDO B，TSANG C F，RUTQVIST J，et al. Study of hydraulic fracturing processes in shale formations with complex geological settings[J]. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering，2017，152：361-374.
[4]	MAYERHOFER M J，LOLON E，WARPINSKI N R，et al. What is stimulated reservoir volume?[J]. SPE Production and Operations，2010，25(1)：89-98.
[6]	FORBES INSKIP N D，MEREDITH P G，CHANDLER M R，et al. Fracture properties of Nash point shale as a function of orientation to bedding[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research：Solid Earth，2018，123(10)：8 428-8 444.
[8]	LEE H P，OLSON J E，HOLDER J，et al. The interaction of propagating opening mode fractures with preexisting discontinuities in shale[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research： Solid Earth，2015，120(1)：169-181.
[10]	WANG H，ZHAO F，HUANG Z，et al. Experimental study of mode-I fracture toughness for layered shale based on two ISRM—suggested methods[J]. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering，2017，50(7)： 1 933-1 939.
[13]	赵子江，刘大安，崔振东，等. 半圆盘三点弯曲法测定页岩断裂韧度(KIC)的实验研究[J]. 岩土力学，2018，39(增1)：258-266.(ZHAO Zijiang，LIU Daan，CUI Zhendong，et al. Experimental study of determining fracture toughness KIC of shale by semi-disk three-point bending[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics，2018，39(Supp.1)：258-266. (in Chinese))
[14]	吕有厂. 层理性页岩断裂韧性的加载速率效应试验研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2018，37(6)：1 359-1 370.(LYU Youchang. Effect of bedding plane direction on fracture toughness of shale under different loading rates[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2018，37(6)：1 359-1 370.(in Chinese))
[16]	MOKHTARI M，TUTUNCU A N. Impact of laminations and natural fractures on rock failure in Brazilian experiments：A case study on Green River and Niobrara formations[J]. Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering，2016，36：79-86.
[18]	SIMPSON N D J. An analysis of tensile strength，fracture initiation and propagation in anisotropic rock(gas shale) using Brazilian tests equipped with high speed video and acoustic emission[M. S. Thesis][D]. Trondheim：Norwegian University of Science and Technology，2013.
[19]	WANG J，XIE L，XIE H，et al. Effect of layer orientation on acoustic emission characteristics of anisotropic shale in Brazilian tests[J]. Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering，2016，36：1 120- 1 129.
[21]	HE J，AFOLAGBOYE L O. Influence of layer orientation and interlayer bonding force on the mechanical behavior of shale under Brazilian test conditions[J]. Acta Mechanica Sinica，2018，34(2)： 349-358.
[24]	侯鹏，高峰，杨玉贵，等. 黑色页岩巴西劈裂破坏的层理效应研究及能量分析[J]. 岩土工程学报，2016，38(5)：930-937.(HOU Peng，GAO Feng，YANG Yugui，et al. Effect of bedding orientation on failure of black shale under Brazilian tests and energy analysis[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering，2016，38(5)：930-937. (in Chinese))
[25]	杨志鹏，何柏，谢凌志，等. 基于巴西劈裂试验的页岩强度与破坏模式研究[J]. 岩土力学，2015，36(12)：3 447-3 455.(YANG Zhipeng，HE Bai，XIE Lingzhi，et al. Strength and failure modes of shale based on Brazilian test[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics，2015，36(12)：3 447-3 455.(in Chinese))
[27]	张树文，鲜学福，周军平，等. 基于巴西劈裂试验的页岩声发射与能量分布特征研究[J]. 煤炭学报，2017，42(增2)：346-353. (ZHANG Shuwen，XIAN Xuefu，ZHOU Junping，et al. Acoustic emission characteristics and the energy distribution of the shale in Brazilian splitting testing[J]. Journal of China Coal Society，2017，42(Supp.2)：346-353.(in Chinese))
[29]	CHONG K P，KURUPPU M D，KUSZMAUL J S. Fracture toughness determination of layered materials[J]. Engineering Fracture Mechanics，1987，28(1)：43-54.
[31]	LIU Z，XU H，ZHAO Z，et al. DEM modeling of interaction between the propagating fracture and multiple pre-existing cemented discontinuities in shale[J]. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering，2019，52(6)：1-9.
[34]	JIN Z，LI W，JIN C，et al. Anisotropic elastic，strength，and fracture properties of Marcellus shale[J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences，2018，109：124-137.
[20]	ZHANG S W，SHOU K J，XIAN X F，et al. Fractal characteristics and acoustic emission of anisotropic shale in Brazilian tests[J]. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology，2018，71：298-308.
[22]	LI H，LAI B，LIU H H，et al. Experimental investigation on Brazilian tensile strength of organic-rich gas shale[J]. SPE Journal，2017，22(1)：148-161.
[23]	侯鹏，高峰，杨玉贵，等. 考虑层理影响页岩巴西劈裂及声发射试验研究[J]. 岩土力学，2016，37(6)：1 603-1 612.(HOU Peng，GAO Feng，YANG Yugui，et al. Effect of bedding plane direction on acoustic emission characteristics of shale in Brazilian tests[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics，2016，37(6)：1 603-1 612.(in Chinese))
[28]	衡帅，杨春和，张保平，等. 页岩各向异性特征的试验研究[J]. 岩土力学，2015，36(3)：609-616.(HENG Shuai，YANG Chunhe，ZHANG Baoping，et al. Experimental research on anisotropic properties of shale[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics，2015，36(3)：609-616.(in Chinese))
[30]	中华人民共和国行业标准编写组. SL264—2001水利水电工程岩石试验规程[S]. 北京：中国水利水电出版社，2001.(The Professional Standard Compilation Group of People?s Republic of China. SL264— 2001 Specifications for rock tests in water conservancy and hydroelectric engineering[S]. Beijing：China Water Power Press，2001.(in Chinese))
[32]	CHANDLER M R，FAUCHILLE A L，KIM H K，et al. Correlative optical and X‐ray imaging of strain evolution during double-torsion fracture toughness measurements in shale[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research：Solid Earth，2018，123(12)：517-533.
[33]	NA S H，SUN W C，INGRAHAM M D，et al. Effects of spatial heterogeneity and material anisotropy on the fracture pattern and macroscopic effective toughness of Mancos Shale in Brazilian tests[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research：Solid Earth，2017，122(8)：6 202- 6 230.
[26]	杜梦萍，潘鹏志，纪维伟，等. 炭质页岩巴西劈裂载荷下破坏过程的时空特征研究[J]. 岩土力学，2016，37(12)：3 437-3 446.(DU Mengping，PAN Pengzhi，JI Weiwei，et al. Time-space laws of failure process of carbonaceous shale in Brazilian split test[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics，2016，37(12)：3 437-3 446.(in Chinese))