孔内双点起爆条件下的爆炸能量传输与破岩效果分析

doi:10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2019.0474

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摘要爆破破岩过程中，起爆方式对爆炸能量传输和破岩效果有着重要影响。从理论上证明两相向传播的爆轰波的碰撞聚能效应，分析孔内双点起爆条件下的爆炸能量传输特征。采用张拉–压剪统计损伤模型计算不同起爆方式下的岩石爆破破碎范围，并结合台阶爆破现场试验对比不同起爆方式下的爆破块度分布规律。结果表明，孔内双点起爆时两束相向传播的爆轰波在炮孔中部发生正碰撞，碰撞点附近的压力大于两冲击波的强度之和，局部破岩能力显著增强。双点起爆条件下炮孔附近岩体的张拉破坏区和压剪破坏区体积均大于常规的孔底、孔口、中间起爆，当改变孔内双点起爆的起爆点位置时，压剪破坏区域体积变化不大，而张拉破坏区域体积有明显的改变。可以通过合理设计起爆点的位置和数量，利用爆轰波、冲击波的碰撞来调整炸药爆炸能量的空间分布，从而显著提高局部爆破破岩能力，以满足不同的工程要求。

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	冷振东1
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关键词 ：爆炸力学, 岩石破碎, 双点起爆, 爆轰波和冲击波碰撞, 能量传输

Abstract：In the process of rock fragmentation by blasting，the initiation mode has an important influence on the energy transmission and rock-breaking effect. The accumulated energy effect by collision of two oppositely traveling in-hole detonation waves was proved theoretically，and the energy transmission characteristics under the condition of dual initiation were analysed. The rock-breaking scopes under different initiation modes were calculated adopting a tension and compression-shear statistical damage model，and the fragmentation size distributions under different initiation modes were also investigated by comparing the field test results of bench blasting. The results show that when the two in-hole detonation waves collide in the middle of the borehole，the pressure near the collision point is greater than the sum of the strength of the two detonation waves and the local rock fragmentation degree is significantly improved. Under the condition of dual initiation，the volumes of tension and compression-shear failure zones of rock mass near the borehole are larger than those of bottom，top or middle initiation. When the initiation point position of in-hole dual initiation is changed，the volume of the compression-shear failure zone changes little but the volume of the tension failure zone changes obviously. Therefore，through reasonably designing the location and quantity of the initiation points，the spatial distribution of explosion energy can be adjusted by the collision of detonation wave and shock wave to improve the fragmentation degree of local rock and to meet different engineering requirements.

Key words： mechanics of explosion rock blasting dual initiation shock and detonation wave collision explosion energy transmission

引用本文:

冷振东1，2，范勇1，卢文波3，高启栋3，周俊汝3. 孔内双点起爆条件下的爆炸能量传输与破岩效果分析[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2019, 38(12): 2451-2462.
LENG Zhendong1，2，FAN Yong1，LU Wenbo3，GAO Qidong3，ZHOU Junru3. Explosion energy transmission and rock-breaking effect of in-hole dual initiation. , 2019, 38(12): 2451-2462.

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http://www.rockmech.org/CN/10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2019.0474 或 http://www.rockmech.org/CN/Y2019/V38/I12/2451

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