强震山区滑坡发育分布的地形地质控制作用研究

doi:10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2020.0944

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摘要 1933年叠溪Mw 7.5级地震在松坪沟强震区触发了大量岩质滑坡。为系统描述这些滑坡的地形和地质控制作用，通过遥感、激光雷达(LiDAR)、无人机(UAV)，以及人工地面调查共编录208个滑坡，其中滑坡面积＞0.1 km2的大型滑坡48个；选择系列指标(滑坡类型、数量及数量占比、面积及面积占比、点核密度及面积赋权核密度)分析滑坡位置的地形(坡向、高程、地形起伏和坡度)和地质(坡体结构和岩性组合)特征。结果表明：(1) 滑坡集中分布在斜坡坡度为50°～60°、地形起伏＞370 m、高程2 000～3 000 m范围。(2) 河谷(娃儿堡—较场区段)的左岸(反向坡3%)与右岸坡体结构(反向坡41%)差异较大。左岸滑坡占比(85%)高于右岸(15%)，平面和楔形体滑坡数量占比可达81%，不发育倾倒体，而右岸倾倒体数量占比可达38%，岩崩和碎屑流在左右两岸占比相当，分别为9%与12%。(3) 大于60%的平面和楔形体滑坡主要分布在杂谷脑组、侏倭组和C+P组厚–巨厚层砂岩夹薄层千枚岩、板岩地质单元，大于70%的岩崩和碎屑流主要分布在新都桥组和波茨沟组薄层板岩与千枚岩互层的地质单元。(4) 厚层地质单元滑坡面积最大达7.89 km2，平均值为薄层地质单元的7倍。进一步认为，坡体结构与岩性组合共同控制了滑坡发育数量、类型与规模，与松坪沟快速地壳抬升及河流侵蚀相关的大高差、大起伏、大梯度河谷地形为滑坡分布范围和聚集提供了有利地形条件。研究成果可为强震山区滑坡识别和预测提供地形和地质依据。

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	吴昊1
	裴向军1
	崔圣华1
	黄润秋1
	宋词2

关键词 ：边坡工程, 大型滑坡, 强震山区, 岩性组合, 坡体结构, 前置因素

Abstract：The 1933 Dexi Mw 7.5 earthquake triggered numerous rock slides within Songpinggou meizoseismal area. To systematically describe the topographic and geological controls on these landslides，208 landslides including 48 large landslides(≥0.1 km2) are recorded by remote sensing，LiDAR，unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV) and field investigations. A series of indicators containing landslide type，frequency and ratio of frequency，area and ratio of area，non-weighted landslide kernel density and area-weighted landslide kernel density are selected to analyze the topographic(slope aspect，elevation，local relief and slope gradient) and geological(slope structure and lithological combination) characteristics of the landslide location. Results show that landslides are concentrated in the terrain with slope gradient of 50°–60°，local relief exceeding 370 m and elevation of 2 000–3 000 m. Notable differences of slope structure exist between left bank(reverse slope：3%) and right bank (reverse slope：41%) in the river valley(Waerbao-Jiaochang section). The proportion of landslides in the left bank is 85%，higher than 15% in the right bank. In the left bank，the proportion of planar and wedge landslides reaches 81% and no topple-type landslides are found，while the proportion of topple-type landslides in the right bank arrives at 38%. Rockfalls and debris slides have the same proportion in the left and right banks，9% and 12% respectively. More than 60% of plane and wedge landslides mainly occur in thick-megathick layered sandstone interlayered with thin layered phyllite such as Zagunao Formation，Zhuwo Formation and C+P (Carboniferous - Permian strata)，while more than 70% of rockfalls and debris slides are mainly distributed in Xinduqiao Formation and Bocigou Formation with geological characteristics of thin slate interlayered phyllite. The largest landslide area in thick-layer lithology is 7.89 km2，and the average area value of this lithological combination is 7 times more than the thin-layer type. It is pointed out that the slope structure and the lithological combination have mainly influences on landslide frequency，type and size. The topography of Songpinggou valley formed by rapid crustal uplift and river erosion，with significant elevation difference，high local relief and steep gradient，provides favorable topographic conditions for landslide distribution extent and concentration. The findings provide a basis for landslide identification and prediction from topographic and geological conditions.

Key words： slope engineering large landslides macroseismic mountainous region lithological combination slope structure predisposing factors

引用本文:

吴昊1，裴向军1，崔圣华1，黄润秋1，宋词2. 强震山区滑坡发育分布的地形地质控制作用研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2021, 40(5): 972-986.
WU Hao1，PEI Xiangjun1，CUI Shenghua1，HUANG Runqiu1，SONG Ci2. Study of topographic and geological controls on landslide development and distribution within mountainous regions influenced by strong earthquakes. , 2021, 40(5): 972-986.

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http://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2020.0944 或 http://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/Y2021/V40/I5/972

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