隧洞全断面开挖中不同爆破孔作用边界及其诱发振动特性的比较分析

doi:10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2021.1078

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摘要为探明隧洞钻爆开挖中不同炮孔诱发振动特性的差异及其原因，以隧洞全断面钻爆开挖为例，结合岩石爆破内部及外部作用，对不同炮孔爆破作用边界进行分析；通过现场单孔及生产爆破试验，综合比较掏槽孔、崩落孔及光爆孔3种典型炮孔诱发振动峰值及频谱特征；并借助数值模拟分析不同炮孔内外边界条件及其动力响应特性的差异；最后，从爆炸能量分配及塑性区发展的角度，总结归纳不同炮孔诱发振动差异的内在原因。结果表明：掏槽孔多在单个自由面条件下起爆，炮孔所受夹制作用较强，爆破外部作用减弱，转化为爆破振动能的比例增加，爆破诱发振动峰值(PPV)相对较大；掏槽孔间排距及不耦合系数较小，相比于崩落孔及光爆孔，内部作用较强，形成的塑性区面积增加，振动主频(DF)相对较低；光爆孔与崩落孔均在2个自由面条件下起爆，光爆孔不耦合系数较大，但其炮孔间距小，爆破内部作用及外部作用与崩落孔大体相当，PPV及DF分布也基本一致；实际工程中，可通过改变内外边界条件来调节爆破内部作用及外部作用，进而达到振动安全控制的目的。

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关键词 ：隧道工程, 隧洞全断面开挖, 不同爆破孔, 爆破作用边界, 振动特性, 爆炸能量分配, 塑性区发展

Abstract：Figuring out the vibration characteristics induced by different kinds of boreholes in tunnel drilling and blasting and the inherent differences is an important issue. Taking the full-faced tunnel blasting excavation as an example，the blasting boundaries of different kinds of boreholes were analyzed in terms of the inner and outer acting effects in rock blasting. Based on the onsite single-hole and production blasting experiments，the peak particle velocity(PPV) and the dominant frequency(DF) induced by three kinds of typical boreholes，including cutting borehole，breaking borehole and smooth borehole，were compared and analyzed. Moreover，the differences of the inner and outer boundary conditions of different boreholes and their dynamic responses were further investigated by the numerical simulation. Finally，the inherent causes of the differences of vibration characteristics induced by different kinds of boreholes were outlined and discussed from the view of blasting energy distribution and plastic zone development. The results indicate that，for the cutting boreholes which are always detonated under single free-surface condition，the blasting clamping force is much stronger and the outer blasting effect is relative weaker，resulting that more explosion energy is converted into blast vibration and the PPV is relative larger. Compared with the breaking boreholes and the smoothing boreholes，the row spacing and the decouple-charging coefficient of the cutting boreholes are much smaller，and hence，the inner blasting effect as well as the area of the blast-induced plastic zone is increased while the DF is relative lower. Due to that both the breaking boreholes and the smooth boreholes initiate under two free surfaces including one natural surface and one blasting created surface，their outer and inner blasting effects as well as the PPV and DF distributions are similar although the later have a larger decouple-charging coefficient and a smaller spacing. In practice，the safety control of blast vibration could be realized in a way of adjusting the inner and outer blasting effects by changing the inner and outer boundary conditions.

Key words： tunneling engineering full-face tunnel blasting excavation different kinds of boreholes blasting boundaries vibration characteristics explosion energy distribution plastic zone development

引用本文:

周海孝1，2，高启栋1，2，王亚琼1，2，卢文波3，范勇4，张士朝1，2. 隧洞全断面开挖中不同爆破孔作用边界及其诱发振动特性的比较分析[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2022, 41(4): 785-797.
ZHOU Haixiao1，GAO Qidong1，2，WANG Yaqiong1，2，LU Wenbo3，FAN Yong4，ZHANG Shichao1，2. Comparative analysis of vibration characteristics induced by different kinds of boreholes and their blasting boundaries during full-face tunnel blasting excavation#br#. , 2022, 41(4): 785-797.

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http://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2021.1078 或 http://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/Y2022/V41/I4/785

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