土/滤料界面上不同入渗角的接触侵蚀试验研究

doi:10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2021.0863

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摘要堤坝非均质各向异性渗流场及其水位的动态变化导致土/滤料界面上入渗角随之发生偏转，当入渗角与界面非正交时，渗流折射现象引起局部水力要素发生突变。采用自主研制的大容量多功能渗透管涌测试仪，将取自土坝施工现场的填土和依据现行规范设计的反滤料按渗透水流与界面呈30°，45°，60°和90°夹角制样，在不同水力梯度下进行接触侵蚀试验，探究土/滤料界面接触侵蚀规律。同时，建立基于流–固耦合的PFC3D数值模型，按室内试验工况模拟计算不同入渗角时防渗体与反滤层接触界面上的内部侵蚀细观特征值，并与试验结果进行对比分析。结果表明，试验工况下土/滤料界面上渗流入渗角对反滤效果有一定影响，当渗透水流与界面正交时，反滤层各项指标较好，而随界面入渗角减小，受渗流折射影响，渗透流速、局部水力梯度、孔隙压力和土压力都有明显变化。渗透流速增大，内部侵蚀加剧，引起界面被保护土细颗粒流动数量增加，弱化了滤料的反滤效果。必须指出的是，试验和数值模拟中入渗角的变化并未导致土/滤料界面发生侵蚀破坏，说明现行规范的反滤准则具有一定的安全储备。

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	王红雨1
	柴鹏翔1
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	张刚1
	李杰1
	张广招1
	闫超1

关键词 ：土力学, 土/滤料界面, 入渗角, 接触侵蚀, PFC3D模拟, 反滤效应

Abstract：The infiltration angle of the soil/filter interface is deflected with nonhomogeneous anisotropic seepage filed and fluid regime in dyke-dams so as to bring about the local hydraulic factors mutation when the interface infiltration angle is nonorthogonal. In this paper，a multi-function seepage piping instrument was developed to carry out contact erosion tests. The test samples of the fill and filter material were taken from the site of the earth dam construction，and they were prepared at the angles of 30°，45°，60° and 90° between the seepage flow and the interface. It was conducted to investigate the mechanism of contact erosion by measuring the hydraulic interface factors under different hydraulic gradients in the laboratory. At the same time，a PFC3D numerical model was established by using the CFD-DEM method. The micro properties of internal erosion at the contact interface of soil/filter were simulated and analyzed by comparing with the experimental data according to the experimental facility?s working conditions. The results show that the seepage infiltration angle at the soil/filter interface has a significant impact on the effect of filtration. The indicators of the filter are better when the infiltration flow is orthogonal to the interface. However，the hydraulic factors comprising the infiltration flow velocity，the local hydraulic gradient，the pore pressure and the soil pressure have obvious variations due to the seepage flow refraction when the interface infiltration angle decreases. The fast seepage velocity aggravates the internal contact erosion and causes an accumulation more in the number of fine particles from the protected soil at the local interface，which weakens the filter efficiency of the filtering layer. It should be pointed out that both the experiment and numerical simulation reveal that the filter specimens still keep the function under a high hydraulic gradient，indicating that the current filter criterion has enough safety reserve.

Key words： soil mechanics soil/filter interface infiltration angle contact erosion PFC3D simulation filtration performance

引用本文:

王红雨1，柴鹏翔1，2，张刚1，李杰1，张广招1，闫超1. 土/滤料界面上不同入渗角的接触侵蚀试验研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2022, 41(7): 1488-1500.
WANG Hongyu1，CHAI Pengxiang1，2，ZHANG Gang1，LI Jie1，ZHANG Guangzhao1，YAN Chao1. Contact erosion experiment research of soil/filter interfaces subject to different infiltration angles. , 2022, 41(7): 1488-1500.

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http://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2021.0863 或 http://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/Y2022/V41/I7/1488

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