软岩隧道锚渐进破坏演化特征的模型试验研究

doi:10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2021.1140

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摘要针对软岩隧道锚的渐进破坏问题，通过相似模型试验，运用数字图像相关技术，研究软岩隧道锚承载全过程中岩体裂纹的起裂与渐进扩展演化规律。结果表明：软岩隧道锚的承载过程经历近似线弹性变形、非线性变形、塑性变形和完全破坏4种状态，隧道锚的渐进破坏由早期单一的岩体破坏转为岩体破坏及锚–岩接触面滑移–脱黏的双重破坏，具体为：塑性变形状态下隧道锚首先进入剪裂纹从锚体拱顶和底板后端的岩体中萌生的破坏阶段I；而后进入岩体压剪和拉剪破坏以及接触面滑移的双重破坏阶段Ⅱ；完全破坏状态下隧道锚进入裂纹延伸至地表及接触面脱黏的破坏阶段Ⅲ。锚体上部岩体中的裂纹在向地表延伸的过程中，经历剪切破坏→拉–剪复合破坏→拉伸破坏的演变，锚体下部岩体中的裂纹则以近似平行于锚体轴向的剪裂纹为主。地表裂纹自锚体在地表的投影处起裂，并经历拉伸破坏→剪切或拉剪复合破坏→拉伸破坏→拉剪复合破坏的演变过程。岩体内部被裂纹切割而成的块体形态，自锚体拱顶后端起向前由条状过渡为块状，相邻块体间的竖向位错值由后向前依次降低。岩体内部的裂纹随剥离深度的增大逐渐由上凸的喇叭状转变为下凹弧状，破坏区域向浅层地表和锚体拱顶前端收缩。

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	刘新荣1
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	韩亚峰1
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	周小涵1
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	邓志云1
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	李壮5
	赖国森6
	肖宇1
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	罗维邦1
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关键词 ：岩石力学, 软岩, 隧道锚, 渐进破坏, 模型试验, 数字图像相关

Abstract：The model test and digital-image correlation technology were employed to investigate the initiation and propagation characteristics of rock mass cracks during loading of the tunnel-type anchorage installed in soft rock strata. The results indicate that the bearing process of the tunnel-type anchorage installed in soft rock goes through four states successively：approximate linear elastic deformation，nonlinear deformation，plastic deformation and failure state. The failure of the tunnel-type anchorage installed in soft rock strata gradually evolved from a single rock mass failure in the early stage to a double failure of the rock mass failure and debonding of the interface between the plug body and rock mass. The progressive failure process of the tunnel-type anchorage can be generalized as follows：In the plastic deformation state，the tunnel-type anchorage first enters failure stage I，which is mainly characterized by the shear cracks initiation in the surrounding rock near the back end of the plug body crown and invert. Subsequently，the tunnel-type anchorage enters the double failure stage II，which is mainly characterized by the compression-shear and tension-shear failure of rock mass and sliding failure of the interface. In the complete failure state，the tunnel-type anchorage enters the failure stage III in which the crack extends to the ground surface and the interface is debonded. In the process of propagation to the ground surface，the cracks in the surrounding rock of the upper part of the plug body go through the evolution process of shear failure，tension-shear composite failure，and tensile failure. The surrounding rock of the lower part of the plug body is dominated by shear cracks approximately parallel to the axis of the plug body. The ground surface cracks propagate in a direction approximately perpendicular to the vertical projection of the plug body on the ground surface. The ground surface cracks experience the evolution from tensile cracks to shear or tensile-shear composite cracks，to tensile cracks，and then to tensile-shear composite cracks during propagating. The block shape cut by the crack inside the rock mass gradually transits from strip-shaped to block-shaped from the back of the plug body to its front end. The vertical dislocation value between adjacent blocks decreases from backward to forward. The cracks shape in the deep part of the rock mass gradually changed from a convex trumpet shape to a concave arc shape with the increase of the peeling depth，and the damaged area gradually shrinks to the shallow surface and the front end of the plug body crown.

Key words： rock mechanics soft rock tunnel-type anchorage progressive failure process model test digital-image correlation

引用本文:

刘新荣1，2，韩亚峰1，2，3，周小涵1，2，邓志云1，4，李壮5，赖国森6，肖宇1，2，罗维邦1，2. 软岩隧道锚渐进破坏演化特征的模型试验研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2022, 41(9): 1760-1770.
LIU Xinrong1，2，HAN Yafeng1，2，3，ZHOU Xiaohan1，2，DENG Zhiyun1，4，LI Zhuang5，LAI Guosen6，XIAO Yu1，2，LUO Weibang1，2. Model test on the progressive failure characteristics of tunnel-type anchorage in soft rock. , 2022, 41(9): 1760-1770.

链接本文:

http://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2021.1140 或 http://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/Y2022/V41/I9/1760

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