红层及其地质灾害研究

doi:10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2022.0012

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摘要红层是指各地质历史时期沉积的红色岩系的总称，是典型的“易滑地层”，在强降雨过程中很容易产生群发性地质灾害。通过总结国内外红层发育分布和主要特性研究成果发现，红层的性质受控于沉积建造，红层岩石物理力学性质和水理性质等都与其沉积环境密切相关。红层岩石具有较强的流变性和较强的亲水性，遇水易膨胀、崩解、泥化和软化。分析、总结了红层地区的主要地质灾害类型，重点介绍砂泥岩互层地区平推式滑坡和平缓浅层土质滑坡的成因机制。结果表明，降雨过程中雨水快速进入砂岩中的竖向裂缝形成的静水压力是平推式滑坡的主要驱动力，同时地下水对砂泥岩接触界面或软弱夹层的长期泥化和饱水软化使底滑面强度大幅降低，也是导致大型平推式滑坡发生的主要原因。另外，砂泥岩互层特殊的岩性组合形成的特殊斜坡水文地质条件也是滑坡易发的重要原因。平缓红层区坡残积层中存在大气影响深度和基覆界面存在界面效应，是导致强降雨期间群发性浅层土质滑坡发生的主要原因，并由此决定了滑体的厚度。最后探讨了红层地质灾害的风险防控措施，认为通过数学力学分析结合现场观测与室内试验，建立物理预警模型，是红层滑坡预警的有效途径。而红层地区滑坡则应坚持以排水为主、抗滑支档为辅的治理原则。

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	许强1
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关键词 ：边坡工程, 红层, 地质灾害, 成因机制, 平推式滑坡, 浅层土质滑坡, 风险防控

Abstract：Red beds refer to the general name of red rock series deposited in various geological historical periods，which are a group of typical “slippery stratum”. Slopes in red bed areas are prone to form group-occurring geohazards in the process of heavy rainfall. By summarizing the development，distribution and main characteristics of red beds，it is found that the properties of red beds are controlled by sedimentary construction. The physical and mechanical properties and hydrologic properties of red beds are different due to the sedimentary environment. Red bed rocks have strong rheology and hydrophilicity，and are easy to swell，disintegrate，muddy and soften when exposed to water. The main types of geohazards in red bed areas are analyzed and summarized，and the formation mechanism of sub-horizontal translantional landslides and gentle shallow soil landslides in sand-mudstone interbedded areas is mainly introduced. The results show that the rainwater quickly infiltrates into the vertical cracks in sandstone and forms hydrostatic pressure，which often becomes the main driving force of sub-horizontal translational landslides. The long-term argillization and saturation softening of mudstone in sand-mudstone contact interface or weak interlayer by groundwater greatly reduces the strength of the bottom slip surface，which is also the main cause of large sub-horizontal translational landslides. Of course，the special slope hydrogeological conditions formed by the special lithologic combination of sand-mudstone interbedded are also the important reasons for landslides. The atmospheric influence depth in the slope residual layer and the interface effect in the base layer are the main reasons for the occurrence of shallow soil landslides during heavy rainfall，which determines the thickness of the landslide body. Finally，the risk prevention and control measures of red beds geohazards are discussed，and it is considered that establishing physical warning models through mathematical and mechanical analysis combined with field observation and laboratory tests is an effective way of red beds landslides warning. The landslides in red bed area should be controlled mainly by drainage and auxiliary by anti-slide measures.

Key words： slope engineering red beds geohazards genetic mechanism sub-horizontal translational landslide shallow soil landslide risk prevention and control

引用本文:

许强1，唐然2，3. 红层及其地质灾害研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2023, 42(1): 28-50.
XU Qiang1，TANG Ran2，3. Study on red beds and its geological hazards. , 2023, 42(1): 28-50.

链接本文:

http://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2022.0012 或 http://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/Y2023/V42/I1/28

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