基于黏弹性接触的落石冲击混凝土棚洞板力学特性理论研究

doi:10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2022.0292

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摘要混凝土棚洞板是防治落石的主要承灾体，现有研究中多将棚洞板简化为梁或薄板单元，以弹性或弹塑性接触理论为基础开展研究，往往低估棚洞板的抗冲击性能。为此，考虑落石与棚洞板接触过程中的阻尼特点，引入等效黏弹性接触理论，将棚洞板视为正交各向异性板，构建落石冲击棚洞板的力学模型，得到落石冲击棚洞板的动力控制方程，根据落石位移、速度和加速度不同组合初始条件，采用微分方程求解法，推导得到落石冲击棚洞板各特征参量的多种理论解，为验证理论求解的正确性，与数值计算结果进行了对比分析。研究表明：线弹性解只能近似描述落石冲击过程，求解得到的落石各特征参量时程曲线是近似对称的两阶段曲线；而以黏弹性接触模型为基础，速度和加速度组合条件下的落石冲击参量理论解和数值解更相近，能够综合考虑落石冲击棚洞板过程中棚洞板受荷变形以及落石的能量损失，更符合实际工程；落石参数敏感性分析表明，落石最大冲击力、达到最大冲击力的时间以及冲击作用时间和落石质量呈正比，随着落石质量的增大，落石冲击参量显著增加，对棚洞板的损伤更大；对比试验结果以及多种理论计算结果可以得到：所得到的落石冲击力时程规律和试验相接近，而且该理论解给出了直接的函数表达式，有更大的适用范围，能够推广使用。研究成果可为棚洞防护工程设计提供指导。

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	陈泰江1
	章广成1
	向欣2

关键词 ：岩石力学, 落石, 接触理论, 冲击力, 冲击时间, ANSYS/LS-DYNA

Abstract：Concrete shed slab is the main disaster-bearing project for rockfall prevention. In the existing theoreties，the contact model is elastic or elastic-plastic contact，and the shed slab is simplified as a beam or a thin plate element，which leads to underevaluate the impact resistance of shed slabs. Considering the damping characteristics in the contact process between the rockfall and the shed and combining viscoelastic contact theory and orthotropic plates，a mechanical model of rockfall impact shed slab is built up，and then the dynamic control equation of rockfall impacting on shed slab is obtained. According to the different initial conditions，such as the displacement，velocity and acceleration of rockfall，the corresponding theoretical solutions of the characteristic parameters about the impact process are obtained with the differential equation algorithm. In order to verify the correctness of the theoretical solutions，the impact processes of rockfall and shed slabs are simulated by the numerical method. It is shown that the linear elastic model can only approximately describe the rockfall impact process，while the theoretical solution based on the viscoelastic contact model with the initial condition combinations of velocity and acceleration is more similar with the numerical solution. The viscoelastic contact model can consider comprehensively the deformation of the shed slab and the energy loss of rockfall during the impact，which is closer to the actual. The sensitivity of rockfall parameters is analyzed，and the maximum impact force，the time of the maximum impact force and the impact duration of the rockfall are proportional to the rockfall mass. With increasing the rockfall mass，the rockfall impact parameters increase significantly，and the damage to the shed slab would be greater. The proposed theoretical solution in this paper is in good agreement with the experimental results，it provides the guidance for the actual shed protection design.

Key words： rock mechanics rockfall contact theory impact force impact of time ANSYS/LS-DYNA

引用本文:

陈泰江1，章广成1，向欣2. 基于黏弹性接触的落石冲击混凝土棚洞板力学特性理论研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2023, 42(3): 606-616.
CHEN Taijiang1，ZHANG Guangcheng1，XIANG Xin2. Theoretical study on mechanical properties of rockfall impact concrete shed slabs based on viscoelastic contact. , 2023, 42(3): 606-616.

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http://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2022.0292 或 http://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/Y2023/V42/I3/606

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