基于锚固剂环裂纹扩展的全长锚固脱黏失效机制研究

doi:10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2022.0431

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摘要为了探究全长锚固系统的脱黏失效机制，达到构建高质量锚固体的目的，建立锚杆–锚固剂界面力学模型，分析锚杆拉拔滑动导致锚固剂环裂纹扩展的3个阶段以及锚杆–锚固剂、锚固剂–围岩界面环向围压随锚杆滑动的变化，推导最大轴向力与剪应力的位置，揭示锚杆–锚固剂界面的脱黏失效机制，提出锚杆–锚固剂界面、锚固剂–围岩界面脱黏失效的判据，并通过工程实例及实验进行验证。研究结果表明：在围岩发生变形时锚杆–锚固剂界面脱黏失效按照黏结、机械互锁和摩擦顺序依次失效。围岩围压直接影响锚固剂环径向裂纹完全开裂的外周诱导围压，锚固剂的抗拉强度决定了锚固脱黏发生的界面。当围岩抗拉强度大于锚固剂环抗拉强度时，锚杆–锚固剂环界面脱黏，锚固剂环在锚杆轴向最大拉力处萌生裂纹，向两侧脱黏；当围岩抗拉强度小于锚固剂环抗拉强度时，锚固剂环–围岩界面脱黏或围岩脱出，锚固剂环与围岩界面脱黏从锚杆加载端开始并向锚杆尾部转移。抗拔锚固力发挥作用的方式与锚固剂环完整形态有关，即完整时的黏结作用和机械互锁作用，裂纹萌生后的部分黏结和机械互锁作用，完全破碎后的摩擦作用。全长锚固锚杆–锚固剂界面脱黏失效随中性点转移呈循环扩散式脱黏。

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	梁东旭1
	张农1
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	荣浩宇4

关键词 ：采矿工程, 全长锚固, 脱黏失效, 裂纹扩展, 锚固界面, 声发射

Abstract：To investigate the de-bonding failure mechanism of the full-length anchorage system and achieve the purpose of constructing high-quality anchor solids. A mechanical model of the bolt-anchor interface was established. The three stages of bolt pulling and sliding lead to the expansion of the anchor ring crack，and the changes of circumferential pressure at the bolt-anchor and anchor-rock interfaces with bolt sliding were analyzed. The locations of the maximum axial force and shear stress were deduced，and the de-bonding failure mechanism of the bolt-anchor interface was revealed. The criteria for de-bonding failure at the bolt-anchor and anchor-rock interfaces were proposed and verified by engineering examples and experiments. The results show that the de-bonding failure of the bolt-anchor interface is in the order of adhesion，mechanical interlocking and friction when the surrounding rock is deformed. The circumferential pressure of the surrounding rock directly affects the peripheral induced circumferential pressure for complete cracking of the anchor ring's radial cracks，and the tensile strength of the anchor determines the interface at which anchor de-bonding occurs. The bolt-anchor interface is de-bonded when the tensile strength of the surrounding rock is greater than the tensile strength of the anchor ring. The anchor ring cracks at the maximum axial tension of the bolt and de-bonds to opposite sides. When the tensile strength of the surrounding rock is less than the tensile strength of the anchor ring，the anchor-rock interface is de-bonded，or the surrounding rock is dislodged. The de-bonding of the anchor-rock interface starts from the bolt loading end and moves to the end of the bolt. How the pullout-resistant anchorage force acts is related to the intact form of the anchor ring，i.e.，bonding and mechanical interlocking when intact，partial bonding and mechanical interlocking after crack initiation，and frictional action after complete fragmentation. The de-bonding of the bolt-anchor interface of the full-length anchorage system fails with the neutral point shift in a cyclic diffusion de-bonding pattern.

Key words： mining engineering full-length anchorage de-bonding failure crack propagation anchor interface acoustic emission

引用本文:

梁东旭1，张农1，2，3，荣浩宇4. 基于锚固剂环裂纹扩展的全长锚固脱黏失效机制研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2023, 42(4): 948-963.
LIANG Dongxu1，ZHANG Nong1，2，3，RONG Haoyu4. Study on the failure mechanism of full-length anchorage de-bonding based on anchor agent ring crack propagation. , 2023, 42(4): 948-963.

链接本文:

http://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2022.0431 或 http://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/Y2023/V42/I4/948

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