超声诱导成核技术在冻结温度试验中的应用

doi:10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2020.1208

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摘要为了解决冻结温度试验中的尺寸效应和超过冷问题，使用超声诱导成核技术和固态制冷技术研发一种测定土体冻结温度的新型试验装置。由该装置测定的NaCl溶液冻结温度与已有文献结果吻合良好，表明该装置性能稳定、精度较高。在此基础上开展不同试验方法和试样密度的土体冻结温度试验。所得结果表明，恒温环境无法保证试样均匀冻结，由此导致土样存在差异冻结状态并诱发试样尺寸效应，而线性降温冻结模式可解决该问题。为了分析不同密度下的土体微观几何特征对冻结温度的影响，使用Fourier-Voronoi(FV)算法对土体颗粒的堆积形态进行数值重构，并使用孔隙图像识别与分析系统(PCAS)对土体孔隙特征进行量化分析。所得结果表明，孔隙最概然宽度与冻结温度的相关性最强。当土体的干密度增大时，土颗粒间隙变窄，孔隙水受毛细约束作用更强，导致凝结核的形成更困难、过冷效应更突出。而超声波脉冲激振能促进水分子的随机运动，增加凝结核生成的概率，减弱过冷过程对冻结温度测定结果的影响。由此可见线性降温冻结模式加超声波激振技术在冻结温度试验中具备较好的应用前景。

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	周永毅1
	张建经1
	牛家永1
	陈发勇1
	张琪2
	闫世杰1
	胡君龙3

关键词 ：土力学, 冻结温度, 过冷温度, 超声波激振, 线性降温, 固态控温

Abstract：A novel apparatus，based on the ultrasonic-induced nucleation and solid refrigeration technology，was designed for the freezing point test of soils to solve the problems of“size effect”and“hypercooling”. The freezing temperature of NaCl solution measured by the apparatus was in good agreement with the relevant test results，which indicated that it had reliable accuracy and stable performance. On this basis，freezing point tests with different test methods and soil densities were carried out. Results shows that the soil sample could not be frozen uniformly under constant temperature condition，resulting in the different freezing state of soil samples and inducing the“size effect”. This problem can be overcome by the linear freezing mode. In order to analyze the influence of microscopic geometry characteristics of the soil sample on freezing temperature under different densities，the Fourier-Voronoi(FV) algorithm was used for the numerical reconstruction of the accumulation pattern of soil particles. The Pores and Cracks Analysis System(PCAS) was adopted to quantitatively analyze the pore characteristics of soil. It indicated that the most probable pore width had the strongest correlation with freezing temperature. The confinement effect of capillary porosity is more obvious when the dry density of soil increases and the pore between soil particles narrows，resulting that the formation of condensation nuclei is more difficult and the supercooling phenomenon is more outstanding. The ultrasonic pulse excitation can promote the random movement of water molecules，which increases the probability of condensation nucleus generation and eliminates the influence of supercooling on the freezing point test results. Therefore，the combination of the linear freezing mode and the ultrasonic excitation has a good application prospect in the freezing point test of soils.

Key words： soil mechanies freezing temperature supercooling temperature ultrasonic excitation linear freezing solid-state refrigeration

引用本文:

周永毅1，张建经1，牛家永1，陈发勇1，张琪2，闫世杰1，胡君龙3. 超声诱导成核技术在冻结温度试验中的应用[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2021, 40(S2): 3052-3062.
ZHOU Yongyi1，ZHANG Jianjing1，NIU Jiayong1，CHEN Fayong1，ZHANG Qi2，YAN Shijie1，HU Junlong3. Application of ultrasonic-induced nucleation technology in the freezing point test. , 2021, 40(S2): 3052-3062.

链接本文:

http://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2020.1208 或 http://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/Y2021/V40/IS2/3052

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