The basic theories of layered charging and layered tamping and the influences of explosive specific charge on distribution of explosive rock blocks for medium and deep hole blasting are discussed. Meanwhile the blasting wave theory and swelling blasting gas theory are applied to analyze the influences of layered charging and layered tamping on the blasting effect for controlled blasting of medium and deep hole. The successful application in the second-stage project of Dayaowan demonstrates that layered charging and layered tamping reasonably can improve the structure of charges，increase the utilization efficiency of explosion energy and make the distribution of block size perfect and that the rationality of explosive specific charge must be considered adequately in the structure of layered charging and layered tamping for medium and deep hole blasting. The principles obtained are expected to be useful for layout of charges，improving distribution of energy，optimizing blasting design and improving blasting quality.