Abstract：Grouting technology is used in subsea and river-crossing tunnels for various purposes such as waterproofing，pre-reinforcement and corrosion protection. Cement is a general grouting material that has strong time-dependent behaviors. A method to characterize the time-dependent behaviors of pre-grouted zones around a river-crossing tunnel using elastic waves is suggested，and a method for the analysis of time-dependent effects on river-crossing tunnels based on numerical simulation is proposed. First，an experimental analysis was performed to characterize the time-dependent behaviors of the grouted material. Then，the obtained results from laboratory tests were applied to the numerical simulation of a tunnel taking into account its construction sequences. From the result，it can be concluded that the stiffness and strength of pre-grouted zones with 2–7 days are appropriate to model the time-dependent behaviors of a river-crossing tunnel. Finally，the suggested analytical method of combining experimental and numerical simulations that consider the time-dependent effects on the pre-grouted zone on the tunnel behaviors can provide reliable and practical design and analysis for a river-crossing tunnel.
