Abstract：The optimal match system of optical layout for real-time laser holographic interferometry and the loading apparatus of rock under coupled compression and shear is developed. Using the digital image instrument，the real-time holographic interferograms for the wholly failure process of rock under compressive-shearing stress is continuously captured. As the loading increased，on the surface of granite samples several types of the dynamic interference fringes i.e. active fringe with the different forms of distribution appear. Based on the principles of the fringe’s interpretation at the same time by use of the image process methods，the developing rates of microcracks within granite samples are calculated and its growth models are described in details. The results expose the distribution of the local defatormion field，the growing path of microcracks and its rate in the whole process of rock failure under compressive-shearing loading，as well as the mechanical property of rock failure. Under the condition of compressive loading with shearing loading together，the local deformation and the deforming grades of samples are of obvious differences which mostly control non-linear macro deformation of granite samples. The sample’s final failure results from the coupled shear fracture and extensive fracture，and its failure shapes are related to the stress states，the growth path and developing rate of microcracks，and also the mechanical types of microcracks. It is proved that the real-time laser holographic interferometry testing can provide the research of rock damage and fracture with an effective experimental support.
