含瓦斯煤岩细观剪切试验装置的研制及应用

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摘要介绍自主研发的含瓦斯煤岩细观剪切试验装置，该装置主要由主体结构、加载系统、瓦斯充气系统、裂纹观测系统和声发射系统5个部分组成。该装置具有如下特点：(1) 可进行流固耦合作用下煤岩剪切力学特性试验，为从细观角度研究煤与瓦斯突出机制提供可靠的试验手段；(2) 具有良好的气密性，能保证煤样达到充分吸附瓦斯状态；(3) 设计侧向加载系统，能实现限制性及非限制性剪切试验功能；(4) 试验数据测试手段多样化，实现剪切力–剪切位移、裂纹细观图像及声发射信号的同步采集；(5) 整体设计上具有结构简单，加工成本低，可靠性好，操作方便等特点。采用该装置进行瓦斯压力分别为0.5，1.0，2.0 MPa下型煤试样的非限制性直剪试验，获得剪切力–剪切位移曲线及剪切面裂纹的细观演化过程，并依此分析直剪过程中煤样微裂纹的形成、扩展、贯通进而诱导失稳破坏的力学过程。试验结果表明，该装置具有较好的实用性和可靠性，为进一步研究煤岩剪切细观力学特性提供新的测试手段。

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关键词 ：岩石力学, 含瓦斯煤岩, 剪切试验, 微裂纹, 试验装置

Abstract：A self-developed meso-shear test equipment for coal rock containing gas is introduced. It is composed of main structure，loading system，gas-charging system，crack observation system and acoustic emission system. The equipment has the following features：(1) The shear mechanical tests for coal based on the fluid-solid coupling can be carried out，which provides reliable experimental means to study the mechanism of coal and gas outburst from micro level. (2) It has good airtightness，which can guarantee adequate adsorption of gas on coal sample. (3) The lateral loading system is designed，so both restrictive and non-restrictive shear tests can be carried out. (4) It has diverse methods to test experimental data. The curve of shear load and shear strain，images of meso-cracks and acoustic emission signal can be acquired synchronously. (5) From the view of its overall design，the equipment has simple structure，low processing cost，good reliability and easy operation. By using the equipment，non-restrictive direct shear tests under the gas pressures of 0.5，1.0 and 2.0 MPa are carried out. Shear load-shear stain curve and meso-evolution of shear plane cracks are obtained. Based on the test results，the mechanical processes of the formation，extension，penetration and instability are analyzed. The experiment results show that the equipment has good practicality and reliability，and it provides new test means to study the meso-shear mechanical characteristics of coal.

Key words： rock mechanics coal rock containing gas shear test meso-crack test equipment

收稿日期: 2010-12-03

引用本文:

许江1，2，彭守建1，2，尹光志1，2，杨红伟1，2，王维忠1，2，王雷1，2. 含瓦斯煤岩细观剪切试验装置的研制及应用[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2011, 30(4): 677-685.
XU Jiang1，2，PENG Shoujian1，2，YIN Guangzhi1，2，YANG Hongwei1，2，. DEVELOPMENT OF MESO-SHEAR TEST EQUIPMENT FOR COAL ROCK CONTAINING GAS AND ITS APPLICATION. , 2011, 30(4): 677-685.

链接本文:

http://www.rockmech.org/CN/Y2011/V30/I4/677

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