唐家山滑坡变形运动机制的离散元模拟

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摘要地震是滑坡灾害的一个重要触发因素，而这类形式的滑坡通常危害较大。以汶川地震触发的唐家山滑坡为例，在野外现场调查基础上，采用离散元数值模拟技术，对滑坡由变形累积到破坏滑动的全过程进行模拟，以研究地震作用下顺层岩质滑坡的变形破坏过程。结果表明：在地震力及滑体重力作用下，坡顶首先形成应力集中，滑体沿中后部的软弱面产生蠕变变形，随着持续的地震动力输入，应力不断向中前部的锁固段集中，使得变形沿接触面不断向坡脚方向扩展，最终从坡脚剪出，破裂面贯通形成滑带；通过滑动过程模拟表明，唐家山滑坡运动模式为：启动→高速滑动→碰撞停积→自稳过程，滑坡滑动过程中，斜坡表层部分块体在地震水平力作用下发生临空抛射现象，表层岩体在滑动过程中，受地震竖向作用力而发生垂直抛落现象；地震力作用下坡体中质点加速度、速度具有高程放大效应，表现为水平加速度放大系数大于竖向加速度放大系数、水平速度放大系数大于竖向速度放大系数，对比结构面监测点和基岩监测点加速度、速度放大系数，表明滑坡启动时具有较大的加速度，也说明不连续结构面对岩质边坡的动力反应起着控制性作用。

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关键词 ：边坡工程, 唐家山滑坡, 顺层岩质滑坡, 变形运动机制, 离散元数值模拟

Abstract：Earthquake is considered as one of the main factors of the generation of a landslide which always causes severe disasters. Taking Tangjiashan landslide，a typical bedding rockslide triggered by the Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake，as the study site，and discrete element numerical simulation is carried out to simulate the initial and subsequent movement of the rockslide. It is found that under seismic loading，stress concentration occurred first at the top of the slope and then expanded from the top towards the toe along the sliding plane，sheared out from the toe in the end and resulting in failure of the slope. The simulation of the subsequent movement of the slope shows that the movement mode of Tangjiashan landslide is starting-up→high-speed sliding→colliding down→self-stabilizing. It also shows that some blocks of the surface exhibit horizontal throwing and vertical jumping under seismic loading. Topographic amplification effects are also observed from both acceleration and velocity of the monitoring points of the slope，indicating that the amplification factor of horizontal acceleration exceeds that of vertical acceleration，and the amplification factor of horizontal velocity exceeds that of vertical velocity. By contrasting the amplification effect of structural plane and the underlying bedrock，it is found that there was a high acceleration when the landslide was at the stage of starting-up，and it also shows that the existence of persistent structural plane plays a controlling role in the dynamic response of the rock slope.

Key words： slope engineering Tangjishan landslide subsequent movement of the rockslide deformation and movement mechanism discrete element numerical simulation

收稿日期: 2010-06-09

引用本文:

曹琰波1，戴福初1，许冲1，涂新斌1，闵弘2，崔芳鹏3 . 唐家山滑坡变形运动机制的离散元模拟[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2011, 30(S1): 2878-2887.
CAO Yanbo1，DAI Fuchu1，XU Chong1，TU Xinbin1，MIN Hong2，CUI Fangpeng3. DISCRETE ELEMENT SIMULATION OF DEFORMATION AND MOVEMENT MECHANISM FOR TANGJIASHAN LANDSLIDE. , 2011, 30(S1): 2878-2887.

链接本文:

http://www.rockmech.org/CN/Y2011/V30/IS1/2878

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