不同加载路径下砂岩破坏模式试验研究

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摘要鉴于以往对岩石不同加载路径下破坏模式综合研究的成果较少，采用MTS815刚性伺服试验机，对砂岩岩样分别进行单轴压缩、常规三轴压缩和三轴峰前、峰后卸围压4种不同加载路径下的试验，研究砂岩岩样在不同加载路径下的破坏模式，并对砂岩岩样破坏前、后各能量指标进行计算，采用能量耗散分析的方法探讨不同加载路径下砂岩岩样存在多种破坏模式的原因。研究结果表明，在单轴压缩试验中，砂岩岩样的破坏模式以劈裂破坏为主，单剪破坏为辅。常规三轴压缩和峰后卸围压试验，围压较低时砂岩岩样多发生单一剪切或劈裂破坏；围压较高时，砂岩岩样多发生二者组合破坏。三轴峰前卸围压，围压相对较低时，砂岩岩样多发生剪切与横向剪切组合破坏；围压相对较高时，砂岩岩样多发生劈裂与剪切组合破坏。随着围压的增加，常规三轴压缩试验中，砂岩岩样更易发生剪切破坏；而对于三轴峰前、峰后卸围压试验，砂岩岩样发生剪切破坏呈先增加后降低的趋势。不同加载路径下岩样破坏模式与岩样破坏前、后能量指标数值存在一定的对应关系，各能量指标数值较小时，岩样多发生单一破坏模式，且破坏后形成的块体相对较完整；各能量指标数值较大时，岩样多发生组合破坏模式，且破坏后形成的块体相对较破碎。

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关键词 ：岩石力学, 应力路径, 三轴压缩, 峰前、峰后卸围压, 破坏模式, 能量耗散

Abstract：As the existing studies in failure modes of rock under different loading paths are less，uniaxial compression，conventional triaxial compression，pre-peak and post-peak unloading confining pressure tests of sandstone are respectively conducted with the MTS815 rigid servo-controlling testing machine. Based on test results，the failure modes of sandstone under different loading paths are studied. According to the energy analysis of sandstone specimens before and after failure，the reasons for existences of different failure modes under different loading paths are discussed by means of energy dissipation theory. The results show that the main failure mode of sandstone specimens in uniaxial compression tests is splitting failure，while single shear failure is complement. The main failure mode is single shear or splitting failure under low confining pressure in conventional triaxial compression and post-peak unloading confining pressure tests；when the confining pressure is higher，combination failure modes of single shear and splitting failure mainly occurs. Under the per-peak unloading confining pressure tests，combination failure modes of shear and transverse shear of sandstone specimens mainly occurs under low confining pressure. On the contrary，combination failure modes of splitting and shear mainly occurs under high confining pressure. With the increasing confining pressure，shear failure occurs easily under triaxial compression；but the probability of shear failure occurrence increases at first，then decreases under pre-peak and post-peak unloading confining pressure. The failure modes under different loading paths are related with the energy values of sandstone specimens before and after failure. When the energy value is low，single failure mode occurs easily with intact broken block. When the energy value is high，combination failure modes occur easily with crushed block.

Key words： rock mechanics stress paths triaxial compression pre-peak and post-peak unloading confining pressure failure mode energy dissipation

收稿日期: 2010-08-11

引用本文:

牛双建1，靖洪文2，梁军起3. 不同加载路径下砂岩破坏模式试验研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2011, 30(S2): 3966-3974.
NIU Shuangjian1，JING Hongwen2，LIANG Junqi3. EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF FAILURE MODE OF SANDSTONE UNDER DIFFERENT LOADING PATHS. , 2011, 30(S2): 3966-3974.

链接本文:

http://www.rockmech.org/CN/Y2011/V30/IS2/3966

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