汶川地震触发高速远程滑坡–碎屑流堆积反粒序特征及机制分析

摘要
图/表
参考文献
相关文章 (15)

全文: PDF (1599 KB) HTML (1 KB)
输出: BibTeX | EndNote (RIS)

摘要中国四川汶川地震触发了众多的典型高速远程滑坡–碎屑流。为论证这些高速远程滑坡–碎屑流堆积的层序特征和形成机制，以谢家店子滑坡、牛圈沟滑坡和文家沟滑坡为研究对象，首先对高速远程滑坡运动路径上的竖向分带性进行详细的描述，并根据各带特征，将其划分与命名为气浪影响区、碎屑流跳跃抛洒区、碎屑流流动堆积区、滑动剪切带以及下伏的原沟谷堆积层。在对各竖向分带进行描述的基础上，以碎屑流流动堆积区为重点研究对象，运用面积取样–面积频率法和室内筛分法，对碎屑流流动堆积区不同粒径范围内的颗粒进行详细的粒组分析，并通过质量–频率法的转换，最终获取碎屑流流动堆积区竖向剖面中不同高度层位上碎屑颗粒的累计频率分布曲线，揭示碎屑流堆积体内部所特有的堆积规律——反粒序结构，该结构是高速远程滑坡–碎屑流运动过程及其运动状态的重要反映，是高速滑坡远程运动机制分析所基于的重要地质证据。根据大量的现场调查和室内试验结果，得到以下结论：碎屑流运动路径上因滑面不规则起伏所激励的振动筛分作用和碎屑颗粒之间碰撞所产生的动力破碎作用以及二者的耦合过程应为反粒序形成的主要原因；并基于滑坡运动学与动力学的过程，对上述作用的能量来源和转化过程进行描述。

	服务

	把本文推荐给朋友
	加入我的书架
	加入引用管理器
	E-mail Alert
	RSS
	作者相关文章

关键词 ：边坡工程, 高速滑坡, 反粒序, 面积取样法, 筛分分析, 级配分析, 振动筛分, 动力破碎

Abstract：The Wenchuan earthquake，which occurred in Sichuan Province，triggered several thousand landslides. For the study of rock avalanche kinematics，the Xiejiadianzi rock avalanche，Niujuangou rock avalanche and Wenjiagou rock avalanche were described to show the geological characteristics of rock avalanches along their sliding paths. According to field investigation，the vertical sorting on the path of rock avalanches is presented；firstly，which is divided into five parts from top to bottom，and named as：the air-blast zone，the leap and air-launch zone of debris，the sliding and deposit zone of debris，the sliping zone，and the original underlying accumulation zone respectively. Then，based on the description of the vertical sorting，the grain-size distribution of the sliding and deposit zones of debris is analyzed by combining an area-by-area technique and sieve analysis，which presents a gradual increase in grain size with height above the base cut quantitatively，proving the existence of inverse grading. This unique inner structure is an important geological evidence for the study of rock avalanche kinematics，which can shed light on the mechanism of their rapid motion. Finally，according to lots of field investigation and test results，one conclusion is proposed that：the kinematic sieving process energized by undulated sliding surface，the dynamic fragmentation process triggered by particle collisions，and their coupling process are the main reasons for the formation of inverse grading；and based on the process of landslide kinematics and dynamics，the above energy sources and transformation processes are described.

Key words： slope engineering rock avalanches inverse grading area sampling technique sieve analysis grain-size analysis kinematic sieving dynamic fragmentation

收稿日期: 2012-01-12

引用本文:

王玉峰，程谦恭，朱圻. 汶川地震触发高速远程滑坡–碎屑流堆积反粒序特征及机制分析[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2012, 31(6): 1089-1106.
WANG Yufeng，CHENG Qiangong，ZHU Qi. INVERSE GRADING ANALYSIS OF DEPOSIT FROM ROCK AVALANCHES TRIGGERED BY WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE. , 2012, 31(6): 1089-1106.

链接本文:

http://www.rockmech.org/CN/Y2012/V31/I6/1089

[14]	STROM A L. Mechanism of stratification and abnormal crushing of rockslide deposits[C]// OLIVEIRA R，ERODRIGUES L，COELHO，A G，et al ed. Proceedings of the 7th International IAEG Congress. Rotterdam：A. A. Balkema，1994：1 287-1 295. " target="_blank">
[18]	KOBAYASHI Y. Effect of basal guided waves on landslides[J]. Pure and Applied Geophysics，1994，142(2)：329-346. " target="_blank">
[20]	CASAGLI N，ERMINI L，ROSATI G. Determining grain size distribution of the material composing landslide dams in the Northern Apennines：sampling and processing methods[J]. Engineering Geology，2003，69(1/2)：83-97. " target="_blank">
[21]	EVANS S G，BISHOP N F，SMOLL L S，et al. A re-examination of the mechanism and human impact of catastrophic mass flows originating on Nevado Huascarán，Cordillera Blanca，Peru in 1962 and 1970[J]. Engineering Geology，2009，108：96-118. " target="_blank">
[22]	PETRIE J E. The accuracy of river bed sediment samples[M. S. Thesis][D]. Blacksburg，Virginia：Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University，1998. " target="_blank">
[24]	WIECZOREK G F，SNYDER J B，WAITT R B，et al. Unusual July 10，1996，rock fall at Happy Isles，Yosemite National Park，California[J]. Geological Society of America Bulletin，2000，112(1)：75-85. " target="_blank">
[27]	GIORGIO P. Geomorphic controls of the shape and mobility of rock avalanches[J]. Geological Society of America Bulletin，1991，103(10)：1 365-1 373. " target="_blank">
[29]	吴树仁，王涛，石玲，等. 2008汶川大地震极端滑坡事件初步研究[J]. 工程地质学报，2010，18(2)：145-159.(WU Shuren，WANG Tao，SHI Ling，et al. Study of catastrophic landslides triggered by 2008 great Wenchuan earthquake，Sichuan，China[J]. Journal of Engineering Geology，2010，18(2)：145-159.(in Chinese))
[31]	陈光平，赵其华，黄河清. 文家沟巨型岩质滑坡高速远程运移特征分析[J]. 工程地质学报，2011，19(3)：404-408.(CHEN Guangping，ZHAO Qihua，HUANG Heqing. Sliding characteristics of high-speed and long run-out giant rockslide landslide at Wenjiagou Stream[J]. Journal of Engineering Geology，2011，19(3)：404-408.(in Chinese))
[32]	程谦恭，张倬元，黄润秋. 高速远程崩滑动力学的研究现状及发展趋势[J]. 山地学报，2007，25(1)：72-84.(CHENG Qiangong，ZHANG Zhuoyuan，HUANG Runqiu. Study on dynamics of rock avalanches：state of the art report[J]. Journal of Mountain Science，2007，25(1)：72-84.(in Chinese)) " target="_blank">
[34]	丁文镜. 自激振动[M]. 北京：清华大学出版社，2009：99-119.(DING Wenjing. Self-excited vibration[M]. Beijing：Tsinghua University Press，2009：99-119.(in Chinese)) " target="_blank">
[36]	翟婉明. 车辆-轨道耦合动力学[M]. 北京：科学出版社，2007：88-144.(ZHAI Wanming. Vehicle-track coupling dynamics[M]. Beijing：Science Press，2007：88-144.(in Chinese)) " target="_blank">
[38]	COX S C，ALLEN S K. Vampire rock avalanches of january 2008 and 2003，Southern Alps，New Zealand[J]. Landslides，2009，6(2)：161-166.
[40]	王效宁. 大型高速滑坡机制和滑速滑程预测研究[博士学位论文][D]. 北京：中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所，1989.(WANG Xiaoning. Study on the mechanism of large-scale highspeed landslides and the prediction of sliding velocity and distance[Ph. D. Thesis][D]. Beijing：Institute of Geology and Geophysics，Chinese Academy of Sciences，1989.(in Chinese)) " target="_blank">
[42]	STROM A L. Evidence of momentum transfer during large-scale rockslides? motion[C]// WILLIAMS A L，PINCHES G M，CHIN C Y，et al. ed. Geologically Active Presented at the 11th Congress of the IAEG. London：CRC Press，2010：73-86. " target="_blank">
[2]	李勇，黄润秋，周荣军，等. 龙门山地震带的地质背景与汶川地震的地表破裂[J]. 工程地质学报，2009，17(1)：3-18.(LI Yong，HUANG Runqiu，ZHOU Rongjun，et al. Geological background of Longmenshan seismic belt and surface ruptures in Wenchuan earthquake[J]. Journal of Engineering Geology，2009，17(1)：3-18.(in Chinese))
[4]	许强，裴向军，黄润秋. 汶川地震大型滑坡[M]. 北京：科学出版社，2009：53-422.(XU Qiang，PEI Xiangjun，HUANG Runqiu. Large-scale landslides induced by the Wenchuan earthquake[M]. Beijing：Science Press，2009：53-422.(in Chinese)) " target="_blank">
[6]	HEIM A. Landslides and human lives[M]. Vancouver，B C：Bitech Publishers，1932：93-94. " target="_blank">
[8]	STROM A L. Rock avalanches of the Ardon River valley at the southern foot of the Rocky Range，Northern Caucasus，North Osetia[J]. Landslides，2004，3(1)：237-241. " target="_blank">
[10]	BOULTBEE N，STEAD D，SCHWAB J，et al. The Zymoetz River rock avalanche，June 2002，British Columbia，Canada[J]. Engineering Geology，2006，83(1/3)：76-93. " target="_blank">
[11]	BAGNOLD R A. Experiments on a gravity-free dispersion of large solid spheres in a Newton fluid under shear[J]. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London(Series A)：Mathematical and Physical Sciences，1954，225(1 160)：49-63. " target="_blank">
[13]	LEEDER M. Sedimentology and sedimentary basins：from turbulence to tectonics[M]. Malaysia：Vivar Printing Sdn Bhd，2011：171-197. " target="_blank">
[15]	IMRE B，LAUE J，SPRINGMAN S M. Fractal fragmentation of rocks within sturzstroms：insight derived from physical experiments within the ETH geotechnical drum centrifuge[J]. Granular Matter，2010，12(3)：267-285.
[16]	MELOSH H J. The physics of very large landslides[J]. Acta Mechanica，1986，64(1/2)：89-99. " target="_blank">
[17]	ZHANG D，FODA M A. An instability mechanism for the sliding motion of finite depth of bulk granular materials[J]. Acta Mechanica，1997，121(1/4)：1-19. " target="_blank">
[3]	许强，黄润秋. 5•12汶川大地震诱发大型崩滑灾害动力特征初探[J]. 工程地质学报，2008，16(6)：721-729.(XU Qiang，HUANG Runqiu. Kinetics characteristics of large landslides triggered by May 12th Wenchuan earthquake[J]. Journal of Engineering Geology，2008，16(6)：721-729.(in Chinese))
[7]	LUZIO E D，BIACHI-FASANI G，ESPOSITO C，et al. Massive rock-slope failure in the Central Apennines(Italy)：the case of the Campo di Giove rock avalanche[J]. Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment，2004，63(1)：1-12.
[19]	DAVIES T R H. Spreading of rock avalanche debris by mechanical fluidization[J]. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering，1982，15(1)：9-24. " target="_blank">
[1]	唐荣昌，韩渭宾. 四川活动断裂与地震[M]. 北京：地震出版社，1993：7-193.(TANG Rongchang，HAN Weibin. Active faults and earthquakes in Sichuan Province[M]. Beijing：Earthquake Press，1993：7-193.(in Chinese)) " target="_blank">
[5]	CRUDEN D M，HUNGR O. The debris of the Frank slide and theories of rockslide-avalanche mobility[J]. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences，1986，23(3)：425-432. " target="_blank">
[9]	EVANS S G，SCARASCIA MUGNOZZA G，STROM A，et al. Landslides from massive rock slope failure[M]. Berlin，Germany：Springer，2006：551-570. " target="_blank">
[12]	BERTRAN P. The rock-avalanche of february 1995 at Claix(French Alps)[J]. Geomorphology，2003，54(3)：339-346. " target="_blank">
[23]	PLAFKER G，ERICKSEN G E. Nevados Huascaran avalanches，Peru[C]// VOIGHT B ed. Proceedings of Rockslides and Rock Avalanches. Amsterdam：Elsevier，1978：277-314. " target="_blank">
[25]	EVANS S G，DEGRAFF J V. Catastrophic landslides：effects，occurrence，and mechanisms[M]. Colorado：The Geological Society of America，Inc.，2002：165-190. " target="_blank">
[28]	苏生瑞，张永双，李松，等. 汶川地震引发高速远程滑坡运动机制数值模拟研究——以谢家店子滑坡为例[J]. 地球科学与环境学报，2010，32(3)：277-287.(SU Shengrui，ZHANG Yongshuang，LI Song，et al. Numerical analysis of motion mechanism of highspeed and long runout landslide by Wenchuan earthquake—taking Xiejiadianzi landslide as an example[J]. Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment，2010，32(3)：277-287.(in Chinese)) " target="_blank">
[35]	金学松，刘启跃. 轨道摩擦学[M]. 北京：中国铁道出版社，2004：150-184.(JIN Xuesong，LIU Qiyue. Tribology of wheel and rail[M]. Beijing：China Railway Publishing House，2004：150-184.(in Chinese)) " target="_blank">
[39]	IVERSON R M，REID M E，LAHUSEN R G. Debris-flow mobilization from landslides[J]. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences，1997，25：85-138. " target="_blank">
[26]	程谦恭，王玉峰，朱圻，等. 高速远程滑坡超前冲击气浪动力学机制[J]. 山地学报，2011，29(1)：70-80.(CHENG Qiangong，WANG Yufeng，ZHU Qi，et al. Dynamics of the airblasts generated by rock avalanches[J]. Journal of Mountain Science，2011，29(1)：70-80.(in Chinese)) " target="_blank">
[30]	殷跃平. 汶川八级地震滑坡高速远程特征分析[J]. 工程地质学报，2009，17(2)：153-166.(YIN Yueping. Rapid and long run-out features of landslides triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake[J]. Journal of Engineering Geology，2009，17(2)：153-166.(in Chinese))
[33]	陆大雄. 摩擦学导论[M]. 北京：北京出版社，1990：181-253.(LU Daxiong. Introduction to tribology[M]. Beijing：Beijing Publishing House，1990：181-253.(in Chinese)) " target="_blank">
[37]	任金卫，单新建，沈军，等. 西藏易贡崩塌-滑坡-泥石流的地质地貌与运动学特征[J]. 地质论评，2001，47(6)：642-647.(REN Jinwei，SHAN Xinjian，SHEN Jun，et al. Geological characteristics and kinematics of the rock fall-landslide in Yigong，Southeastern Tibet[J]. Geological Review，2001，47(6)：642-647.(in Chinese))
[41]	MIAO T D，LIU Z Y，NIU Y H，et al. A sliding block model for the runout prediction of high-speed landslides[J]. Canadian Geotechnical Journal，2011，38(2)：217-226. " target="_blank">